Determination of legitimate interests in the third-party subrogation rules
第三人代位清偿规则中合法利益的认定

摘要

民法典524条规定“合法利益第三人”可代为履行债务突破债之相对性，应作限缩解释。“合法利益”标准具备高度概括性和适用性的优势，但存在模糊性。准确区分“合法利益”与比较法上相关概念在语义和立法逻辑上的异同，借鉴哈特法律概念理论确定“合法利益”存在核心语义区域、模糊语义区域及语义外区域，并通过具体类型化认定标准、抽象认定标准及相关排除标准，三重路径对“合法利益”进行精准认定，以缓和司法适用困境。

Abstract

Article 524 of the Civil Code stipulates that "third parties with legitimate interests" can perform debts on their behalf to break through the relativity of debts, which should be interpreted in a limited way. The "legitimate interest" standard has the advantage of being highly general and applicable, but it is ambiguous. Accu- rately distinguish the similarities and differences between "legitimate interests" and related concepts in comparative law in terms of semantics and legislative logic, draw on Hart's legal concept theory to determine that "legitimate interests" exist in core semantic areas, fuzzy semantic areas and extra-semantic areas, and through specific types Identification standards, abstract identification standards and related exclusion standards, and the threeway app- roach to accurately identify "legitimate interests" to ease the dilemma of judicial application.