Diagnostic value of vascular abnormalities and stenosis in cervical vascular ultrasound for ischemic cerebrovascular disease
颈部血管超声中血管异常及狭窄对缺血性脑血管病的诊断价值

摘要

目的 探究颈部血管超声（CVU）中血管狭窄、异常诊断缺血性脑血管病（ICVD）的价值。方法2024年2月-2025年6月，取我院ICVD60例患者纳入观察组，取同期健康体检者60例纳入对照组，两组均行CVU，汇总检查血管异常几率、分布情况等。结果 较之对照组，观察组血管病变阳性患者检出率明显偏高（P<0.05）；两组病灶均以颈总动脉分叉处构成比最高，但各血管分段病灶分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；观察组动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率高于对照组（P<0.05），观察组以软斑构成比最高，对照组以硬斑构成比最高，两组软斑、硬斑分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），混合斑分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；观察组颈动脉狭窄检出率高于对照组（P<0.05），观察组狭窄病灶以重度为主，对照组均为轻度狭窄。结论 ICVD患者选择CVU检测可明确管腔狭窄、颈动脉粥样硬化情况。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the value of cervical vascular ultrasound (CVU) in diagnosing vascular stenosis and abnormalities in ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD).
Methods From February 2024 to June 2025,60 ICVD patients from our hospital were enrolled in the observation group, while 60 healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examinations during the same period were included in the control group. Both groups underwent CVU examinations, and the incidence and distribution of vascular abnormalities were summarized.
Results Compared with the control group, the detection rate of patients with positive vascular lesions was significantly higher in the observation group (P<0.05); lesions in both groups were most prevalent at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, but there was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of lesions across vascular segments (P>0.05); the detection rate of atherosclerotic plaques was higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05); the observation group had the highest proportion of soft plaques, whereas the control group had the highest proportion of hard plaques; the distribution of soft and hard plaques differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05), while the distribution of mixed plaques showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05); the detection rate of carotid artery stenosis was higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion   CVU examination is effective for identifying luminal stenosis and carotid atherosclerosis in ICVD patients.