Qualitative study of real experiences and needs of middle-aged and young patients with first-time acute myocardial infarction following emergency percutaneous coronary intervention
中青年首发急性心肌梗死患者行急诊经皮冠脉介入术后真实体验和需求的质性研究

摘要

目的 深入了解中青年首发急性心肌梗死患者行急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗后的真实体验和需求，为优化护理质量提供依据和建议。方法 采用目的抽样法，选取2023年12月-2024年3月在晋中市第一人民医院心血管内科住院的14例中青年首发急性心肌梗死行急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗（PCI）术后稳定期患者为研究对象，进行半结构式访谈。运用现象学研究方法，采用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析资料。结果 根据中青年首发急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后患者的真实体验和需求可归纳为四个主题：①术后患者心理感受呈多种表现；②运动恐惧水平高，希望得到运动康复指导；③对疾病忧虑，希望得到充足信息支持；④决心改变不良生活习惯，自我效能感低。结论 患者术后在生理及心理等方面受到影响，医务人员应关注患者的不良情绪，为其提供充足的疾病相关信息支持及健康教育，提升患者认知水平及依从性，帮助患者建立与维持健康生活方式。

Abstract

Objective To gain a deeper understanding of the real experiences and needs of middle-aged and young patients presenting with first-time acute myocardial infarction who undergo emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in order to provide a basis and recommendations for optimizing nursing care quality.
Methods Using purposive sampling, 14 middle-aged and young patients with first-time acute myocardial infarction who were hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Department of Jinzhong First People’s Hospital between December 2023 and March 2024 and were in the stable phase following emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) were selected as study subjects, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. The phenomenological research method was employed, utilizing Colaizzi’s 7-step analysis method to analyze the data.
Results Based on the real experiences and needs of these patients following emergency PCI for first-time acute myocardial infarction, the findings can be summarized into four themes: ① Postoperative psychological experiences vary among patients; ② Many patients exhibit high levels of exercise-related fear and hope for exercise rehabilitation guidance; ③ Patients experience disease-related anxiety and hope for adequate informational support; ④ Patients are determined to change their unhealthy lifestyle habits but exhibit low self-efficacy.
Conclusion   Patients are affected both physiologically and psychologically after undergoing emergency PCI for first-time acute myocardial infarction. Healthcare professionals should pay close attention to patients’ negative emotions, provide them with sufficient information regarding their condition and health education, enhance their cognitive awareness and compliance, and assist them in establishing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.