Design and implementation of apiary digital twin system based on Unity3D
基于Unity3D的蜂场数字孪生系统设计与实现

摘要

随着智慧农业和数字孪生技术的快速发展，传统蜂场依赖人工巡查和分散记录的管理方式已难以满足可视化、实时性和智能化需求。本文基于Unity3D游戏引擎，设计并实现了一套蜂场数字孪生虚拟仿真系统。系统以真实养蜂场为原型，构建包含管理中心、研学中心、智能蜂箱区及蜂群繁育中心的三维虚拟场景，利用UGUI实现蜂群状态、环境参数、产量统计及收支信息的可视化展示；以MySQL数据库统一管理蜂场业务数据，并结合JSON数据解析及高德地图API扩展数据来源，当前数据以数据库预设与人工录入为主，通过刷新操作实现界面数据的同步更新；同时集成场景漫游、天气时间仿真、远程视频监控等交互功能。经测试，系统在空载状态下平均帧率可达60 FPS以上，各功能模块运行稳定，达到预期设计目标，为中小型蜂场的数字化管理与科普研学展示提供了可行的技术参考，也为后续接入真实传感数据、构建完整实时采集链路提供了可视化框架。

Abstract

With the rapid development of smart agriculture and digital twin technology, the traditional apiary management mode relying on manual inspection and decentralized recording can no longer meet the demands for visualization, real-time monitoring and intelligence. This paper designs and implements an apiary digital twin virtual simulation system based on the Unity3D game engine. Taking a real apiary as the prototype, the system constructs a 3D virtual scene including a management center, study center, smart hive area and bee colony breeding center. UGUI is used to visualize bee colony status, environmental parameters, yield statistics and revenue information. MySQL database is adopted for unified management of apiary business data, and JSON data parsing and Gaode Map API are integrated to expand data sources. At present, the data mainly comes from database presets and manual entry, and the interface data is updated synchronously through refresh operations. In addition, interactive functions such as scene roaming, weather and time simulation, and remote video surveillance are integrated. Tests show that the average frame rate exceeds 60 FPS under no-load conditions, all functional modules operate stably, and the design objectives are achieved, providing a feasible technical reference for digital management and popular science exhibition of small and medium-sized apiaries, as well as a visualization framework for subsequently accessing real sensor data and building a complete real-time data collection chain.