Modern Social Science Research
Modern Social Science Research. 2026; 6: (9) ; 10.12208/j.ssr.20260308 .
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1曲阜师范大学 山东济宁
2枣庄学院 山东枣庄
*通讯作者： 刘倩 #,单位：枣庄学院 山东枣庄; ；
大语言模型在通用文本翻译中表现出较强的语义转换能力，但其能否重构文学文本中由隐喻与反讽共同生成的复合修辞效果，仍缺少细致检验。本文以钱钟书《围城》第一至三章为语料，以概念隐喻理论与反讽语用理论为分析框架，采用阐释性文本细读方法，对Kelly与Mao人工译本及DeepSeek、Kimi生成译文进行比较。研究发现，大语言模型通常能够传递句子的基本命题意义，却倾向于将文化负载隐喻释义化，使译入语中可被激活的典故和惯用表达失效；在叙述反讽中，模型对排比节奏、语域反差和叙述者疏离态度的重构不足，易将弦外之音压平为直接评价；当隐喻兼具人物贬抑和叙述反讽的双重修辞效能，隐喻映射、语用态度与文体节奏的弱化会彼此放大，形成“修辞塌陷”。两个模型呈现出的趋同倾向提示，文学翻译质量评价除语义准确性与语言流畅度外，还应纳入复合修辞在目标语中的可识别性及其整体效应。本文据此提出，在大语言模型辅助文学翻译场景下，人工译者应重点核查文化典故、隐喻链和叙述语气的协同重构。
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong semantic transfer capabilities in general translation, but their ability to reconstruct complex literary effects jointly produced by metaphor and irony remains underexplored. Drawing on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and pragmatic accounts of irony, this study conducts a hermeneutic close reading of selected passages from the first three chapters of Qian Zhongshu’s Fortress Besieged. It compares the human translation by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao with translations generated by DeepSeek and Kimi. The analysis shows that the LLMs generally preserve propositional meaning but tend to paraphrase culturally embedded metaphors, weaken narrative distance and tonal contrast, and flatten stylistic rhythm. When metaphor itself carries an ironic evaluation, these losses reinforce one another, producing what this study terms “rhetorical collapse.” The findings suggest that literary translation assessment should move beyond semantic accuracy and fluency to examine whether cognitive mapping, pragmatic attitude, and stylistic rhythm remain jointly recoverable in the target text.
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