Study on the intervention effect of improved closed fecal drainage device in severe patients with watery diarrhea
改良密闭式粪便引流装置在水样腹泻重症患者中的干预效果研究

摘要

目的 探讨改良密闭式粪便引流装置在水样腹泻重症患者中的干预效果，评估其对肛周并发症、护理工作量、生命体征稳定性及患者舒适度的影响。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照干预研究设计，选取2025年1月至2026年4月我院急诊科收治的60例水样腹泻重症患者，随机分为干预组和对照组，每组30例。对照组采用常规尿不湿包裹护理，干预组采用改良密闭式粪便引流装置进行干预。比较两组患者的失禁相关性皮炎发生率、压力性损伤发生率、每日更换床单次数、护士操作时间、生命体征波动幅度及家属满意度。结果 干预组失禁相关性皮炎发生率为6.67%，显著低于对照组的30.00%（P<0.05）；压力性损伤发生率为3.33%，显著低于对照组的23.33%（P<0.05）。干预组每日更换床单次数（1.2±0.4）次显著少于对照组（4.5±1.1）次，护士操作时间（15.3±3.2）min/d显著短于对照组（42.7±5.8）min/d（P<0.01）。干预组患者血压、心率波动幅度小于对照组，家属满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的73.33%（P<0.05）。结论 改良密闭式粪便引流装置作为一种创新性护理干预措施，能有效降低水样腹泻重症患者的肛周并发症发生率，减轻护理工作量，减少患者翻动维持生命体征稳定，提升患者舒适度及家属满意度，具有较高的临床应用价值。

Abstract

Objective To explore the intervention effect of an improved closed fecal drainage device in severe patients with watery diarrhea, and evaluate its impact on perianal complications, nursing workload, vital sign stability, and patient comfort.
Methods A prospective randomized controlled intervention study design was adopted. Sixty severe patients with watery diarrhea admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from January 2025 to April 2026 were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received routine diaper wrapping care, while the intervention group received intervention using an improved closed fecal drainage device. Compare the incidence of incontinence related dermatitis, stress injury, daily bed sheet changes, nurse operation time, fluctuation of vital signs, and family satisfaction between two groups of patients.
Results The incidence of incontinence related dermatitis in the intervention group was 6.67%, significantly lower than the control group's 30.00% (P<0.05); The incidence of pressure injury was 3.33%, significantly lower than the 23.33% in the control group (P<0.05). The intervention group had significantly fewer bed sheet changes per day (1.2 ± 0.4) times compared to the control group (4.5 ± 1.1) times, and the nurse operation time (15.3 ± 3.2) minutes/d was significantly shorter than the control group (42.7 ± 5.8) minutes/d (P<0.01). The fluctuation range of blood pressure and heart rate in the intervention group was smaller than that in the control group, and the satisfaction rate of family members was 96.67%, significantly higher than the 73.33% in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion   The improved closed fecal drainage device, as an innovative nursing intervention measure, can effectively reduce the incidence of perianal complications in severe patients with watery diarrhea, reduce nursing workload, reduce patient turning to maintain stable vital signs, improve patient comfort and family satisfaction, and has high clinical application value.