Correlation analysis of gut microbiota characteristics and feeding intolerance in preterm infants
早产儿肠道菌群特征与喂养不耐受的相关性分析

摘要

目的 本文主要研究住院早产儿肠道菌群结构特点和喂养不耐受（FI）之间联系，给临床治疗方案的制定提供理论依据。方法 使用回顾性研究法，以2024年1月-2025年12月在本院出生且胎龄≥28周的早产儿为研究对象，按照FI有无将早产儿分为FI组和非FI组，共纳入早产儿60例。用16SrRNA基因测序技术对所有的婴儿出生后第7天粪便样品进行宏基因组学检测，测定双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌和肠球菌的相对丰度，然后比较两组间的差异。结果 FI组中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的相对丰度比非FI组低（P＜0.05），大肠埃希菌、肠球菌的相对丰度比非FI组高（P＜0.05）。相关性分析发现，双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的相对丰度同FI风险成显著负相关（r为负数，且数值越小），根据相关性分析的结果可知，双歧杆菌、乳杆菌相对丰度与FI风险成显著负相关(r为负数)，双歧杆菌、乳杆菌丰度越高，FI风险越小。结论 这说明肠道微生物生态失衡会加重FI的发生，今后经由调节肠道菌群状态可防止或者治疗这些情况。

Abstract

Objective This study aims to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota structure characteristics and feeding intolerance (FI) in hospitalized preterm infants, providing a theoretical basis for the formulation of clinical treatment plans.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted on preterm infants born at our hospital between January 2024 and December 2025 with a gestational age ≥28 weeks. Preterm infants were divided into FI and non-FI groups based on the presence or absence of fecal ingestion (FI), with a total of 60 preterm infants included. Metagenomic analysis was performed on fecal samples from all infants on day 7 after birth using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to determine the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus. Differences between the two groups were then compared.
Results The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the FI group was lower than that in the non-FI group (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus was higher in the FI group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and the risk of febrile infantile fertility (FI) (r was negative, and the smaller the value, the higher the FI risk). The results showed that higher abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was associated with a lower FI risk.
Conclusion   This indicates that gut microbiota imbalance exacerbates FI, and future research suggests that regulating gut microbiota status may prevent or treat these conditions.