Journal of Chinese and Foreign Languages, Literature and Art Research
Journal of Chinese and Foreign Languages, Literature and Art Research. 2025; 2: (1) ; 10.12208/j.jlar.20250004 .
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兰州大学 甘肃兰州
*通讯作者： 张一凡,单位：兰州大学 甘肃兰州; ；
叙事视角与叙事策略是现代小说形式研究的重要议题，也是连接文本结构与读者阅读体验的重要机制。本文系统梳理近年来国内外关于叙事视角、自由间接话语、不可靠叙述、第二人称叙事以及认知叙事等方面的研究成果，沿着“理论奠基—策略拓展—认知与伦理转向”的逻辑展开论述。在理论层面，热奈特对叙事声音与聚焦的区分推动叙事视角研究突破单纯的人称分类，转向对叙事信息来源和感知位置的分析；在策略研究层面，自由间接话语、不可靠叙述和第二人称叙事等形式受到持续关注，研究范围逐渐从传统小说文体分析扩展至认知语言学、跨媒介叙事和翻译研究；在认知与伦理层面，眼动实验、视角采择研究以及叙事伦理研究进一步考察叙事形式与读者加工、伦理判断之间的关系。现有研究表明，叙事视角研究正在由静态的形式分类逐步转向对叙事过程、认知机制和伦理意义的综合考察，但不同理论路径之间仍缺乏充分整合，实证研究的结论也尚未形成一致认识。未来需要加强认知科学、语言学、跨媒介研究与传统叙事学之间的对话，并进一步关注非西方文学传统中的叙事视角问题。
Narrative perspective and narrative strategies are important topics in the study of modern novel forms, and also crucial mechanisms connecting textual structure and reader experience. This paper systematically reviews recent domestic and international research on narrative perspective, free indirect discourse, unreliable narration, second-person narration, and cognitive narrative, unfolding the discussion along the logic of "theoretical foundation—strategic expansion—cognitive and ethical turn." At the theoretical level, Genette's distinction between narrative voice and focus has propelled narrative perspective research beyond simple person classification, shifting towards the analysis of narrative information sources and perceptual locations. At the strategic research level, forms such as free indirect discourse, unreliable narration, and second-person narration have received sustained attention, with the research scope gradually expanding from traditional novel stylistic analysis to cognitive linguistics, cross-media narrative, and translation studies. At the cognitive and ethical level, eye-tracking experiments, perspective-taking studies, and narrative ethics research further examine the relationship between narrative form and reader processing and ethical judgment. Existing research indicates that narrative perspective studies are gradually shifting from static formal classifications to a comprehensive examination of narrative processes, cognitive mechanisms, and ethical significance. However, there is still a lack of full integration among different theoretical approaches, and empirical research conclusions have not yet reached a consensus. Future research needs to strengthen dialogue between cognitive science, linguistics, cross-media studies, and traditional narratology, and further focus on narrative perspective issues within non-Western literary traditions.
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