Research progress on nursing care for adverse reactions of targeted therapy in mid-to-late stage colorectal cancer
中晚期直肠癌靶向治疗不良反应护理研究进展

摘要

中晚期直肠癌患者错失最佳手术根治时机，靶向治疗已经成为其主要的保守治疗手段，可以精准抑制肿瘤的增殖和转移，延长患者生存期。但是临床常用的血管内皮生长因子抑制剂、表皮生长因子受体抑制剂等靶向药物，容易引起皮肤毒性、心血管损伤、消化道反应、手足综合征等特异性不良反应，严重影响患者的治疗依从性以及生活质量，甚至造成治疗中断。本文系统整理中晚期直肠癌主流靶向药物常见不良反应类型，总结各类不良反应的临床针对性护理措施、精细化护理研究进展，分析当前临床护理工作存在的问题，为优化靶向治疗全程护理方案、降低不良反应发生率、保障治疗连续性提供临床参考。

Abstract

For patients with advanced rectal cancer who miss the optimal opportunity for radical surgery, targeted therapy has become the main conservative treatment method, which can precisely inhibit tumor proliferation and metastasis and prolong the survival time of patients. However, targeted drugs commonly used in clinical practice, such as vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, are prone to induce specific adverse reactions including skin toxicity, cardiovascular damage, gastrointestinal reactions and hand-foot syndrome. These complications seriously affect patients’ treatment compliance and quality of life, and may even lead to treatment interruption. This paper systematically sorts out the common types of adverse reactions induced by mainstream targeted drugs for advanced rectal cancer, summarizes the targeted clinical nursing measures and research progress of refined nursing for various adverse reactions, and analyzes the existing problems in current clinical nursing work, so as to provide clinical references for optimizing the whole-course nursing scheme of targeted therapy, reducing the incidence of adverse reactions and ensuring the continuity of treatment.