Study on the improvement effect of rock salt aerosol therapy on airway clearance function and quality of life in patients with pneumoconiosis
岩盐气溶胶治疗对尘肺病患者气道廓清功能及生活质量的改善作用研究

摘要

目的 研究岩盐气溶胶疗法治疗尘肺患者的气道清除功能以及其提高生活品质的作用价值，在临床中可以用于非药物疗法方面的治疗手段选择。方法 选择2025年3月-2026年3月在我院的职业病科住院的尘肺患者96人，随机分成对照组、观察组各48人，对照组接受常规药物治疗和肺部功能锻炼，观察组在此基础上加用岩盐气溶胶吸入治疗，两个组的疗程都设定为12周。对比两组病人治疗前后的气道排痰功能参数（第1秒用力呼气量FEV₁、用力肺活量FVC、mucociliary clearance黏液纤毛清除速率）、痰液流变学特征指标（痰液黏稠度、弹性系数）、生活质量评估指标（圣乔治呼吸问卷SGRQ、改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表mMRC）。结果 经过12周的治疗，观察组FEV₁、FVC都明显大于对照组（P＜0.05），气道内黏液纤毛清除速率明显提高，痰液黏稠度以及纤维弹性系数均小于对照组（P＜0.05）。SGRQ总分及其各个方面的评分均明显低于对照组，mMRC分级分布也远远高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。结论 岩盐气溶胶疗法可以明显改善尘肺病患者呼吸道清理功能，使痰液变得更加容易咳出，缓解呼吸急促的症状，从而极大的提高患者的生存质量，有着广泛的临床应用前景。

Abstract

Objective To study the effect of rock salt aerosol therapy on the airway clearance function and quality of life of patients with pneumoconiosis, and to explore its value in clinical non-drug therapy selection.
Methods From March 2025 to March 2026, 96 patients with pneumoconiosis who were hospitalized in the occupational disease department of our hospital were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 48 patients in each group. The control group received conventional drug treatment and pulmonary function exercises, while the observation group was additionally treated with rock salt aerosol inhalation therapy. The treatment course for both groups was set at 12 weeks. The airway expectoration function parameters (forced expiratory volume in one second FEV₁, forced vital capacity FVC, mucociliary clearance rate), rheological characteristics of sputum (sputum viscosity, elastic coefficient), and quality of life assessment indicators (St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire SGRQ, Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale mMRC) of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.
Results After 12 weeks of treatment, FEV₁ and FVC in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group (P < 0.05), the mucociliary clearance rate in the airway was significantly improved, and the sputum viscosity and fiber elasticity coefficient were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The total score of SGRQ and its various aspects were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the distribution of mMRC grades was much higher than that in the control group (all P < 0.05).
Conclusion   Rock salt aerosol therapy can significantly improve the airway clearance function of patients with pneumoconiosis, make sputum easier to be coughed out, relieve the symptoms of shortness of breath, and greatly improve the quality of life of patients, with broad clinical application prospects.