International Research in Chinese Medicine
International Research in Chinese Medicine. 2026; 6: (2) ; 10.12208/j.ircm.20260030 .
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1上海同济堂药业有限公司 上海
2中国中药控股有限公司 广东佛山
*通讯作者： 刘丰,单位：中国中药控股有限公司 广东佛山; ；
目的 探究易混淆中药栽培防风与党参的鉴别特征区分。方法 选取2024年6月-2026年1月国内主产区栽培防风药材10批、栽培党参药材10批，从基原鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱（TLC）鉴别、指标成分含量测定5个维度开展系统对比研究，总结二者核心鉴别特征。结果 栽培防风与党参在基原属性、性状特征、显微构造、薄层色谱斑点上均存在专属鉴别差异；含量测定显示，防风中升麻素苷（C₂₂H₂₈O₁₁）含量为0.23%—0.68%（均≥0.21%），升麻素（C₁₆H₁₈O₆）与3′-O-当归酰亥茅酚（C₂₀H₂₂O₆）总量为0.06%—0.15%（均≥0.050%），党参中党参炔苷含量为0.08%~0.21%（均≥0.04%）；两种药材的特征成分仅在对应药材中检出，含量差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 本研究建立的“性状快速鉴别+显微精准鉴别+薄层专属鉴别”三级体系，可准确区分易混淆的栽培防风与党参。
Objective To explore the distinguishing characteristics of cultivated Astragalus and Codonopsis that are easily confused. Methods Ten batches of cultivated Astragalus medicinal materials and ten batches of cultivated Codonopsis medicinal materials from the main production areas in China were selected from June 2024 to January 2026. A systematic comparative study was conducted from five dimensions: origin identification, morphological identification, microscopic identification, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) identification, and determination of indicator component contents. The core distinguishing characteristics of the two were summarized. Results Cultivated Astragalus and Codonopsis have exclusive distinguishing differences in origin attributes, morphological characteristics, microscopic structure, and TLC spots; Content determination showed that the content of astragalin glycoside (C₂₂H₂₈O₁₁) in Astragalus was 0.23% - 0.68% (all ≥ 0.21%), astragalin (C₁₆H₁₈O₆) and 3′-O-danggui acylmethylthymol (C₂₀H₂₂O₆) total content was 0.06% - 0.15% (all ≥ 0.050%), and the content of codonoside in Codonopsis was 0.08% - 0.21% (all ≥ 0.04%); The characteristic components of the two medicinal materials were only detected in the corresponding medicinal materials, and the content differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The “morphological rapid identification + microscopic precise identification + TLC exclusive identification” three-level system established in this study can accurately distinguish easily confused cultivated Astragalus and Codonopsis.
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