Research on the early identification of complications and the effect of nursing interventions in elderly diabetic patients
老年糖尿病患者并发症早期识别与护理干预效果研究

摘要

目的 探讨基于并发症早期识别的综合护理干预在老年糖尿病患者中的应用效果，并评价其对并发症发生率、血糖控制水平及护理依从性的影响。方法 选取2024年1月至2025年12月某医院收治的老年糖尿病患者68例，采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组，每组34例。对照组实施常规糖尿病护理管理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施并发症早期识别与系统化护理干预。比较两组患者护理干预后的并发症发生率、血糖控制水平（空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖）、自我管理能力评分及护理满意度等指标。结果 干预后观察组并发症发生率为11.76%（4/34），明显低于对照组的29.41%（10/34）（χ2=4.08，P=0.043）。观察组空腹血糖（6.52±0.84）mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖（8.76±1.12）mmol/L均低于对照组（7.68±1.02）mmol/L、（10.15±1.36）mmol/L（P＜0.05）。结论 针对老年糖尿病患者实施并发症早期识别与综合护理干预，可有效降低并发症发生率，改善血糖控制水平，提升患者自我管理能力，具有良好的临床应用价值。

Abstract

Objective To explore the application effect of comprehensive nursing intervention based on early identification of complications in elderly diabetic patients and evaluate its impact on the incidence of complications, blood glucose control levels, and nursing compliance.
Methods Sixty-eight elderly diabetic patients admitted to a certain hospital from January 2024 to December 2025 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group using the random number table method, with 34 cases in each group. The control group received routine diabetic care management, while the observation group received early identification of complications and systematic nursing intervention on the basis of routine care. The incidence of complications, blood glucose control levels (fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose), self-management ability scores, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups after nursing intervention were compared.
Results After intervention, the incidence of complications in the observation group was 11.76% (4/34), significantly lower than that in the control group (29.41%, 10/34) (χ2 = 4.08, P = 0.043). The fasting blood glucose (6.52±0.84) mmol/L and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (8.76±1.12) mmol/L in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (7.68±1.02) mmol/L and (10.15±1.36) mmol/L (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   Implementing early identification of complications and comprehensive nursing intervention for elderly diabetic patients can effectively reduce the incidence of complications, improve blood glucose control levels, and enhance patients' self-management ability, demonstrating good clinical application value.