New progress in standardized emergency nursing for patients with dog bites
犬咬伤患者急诊规范化护理的研究新进展

摘要

犬咬伤是临床较为多见的急诊创伤类型，近几年，随着城乡宠物饲养数量不断增加，犬咬伤的发生率呈持续上升趋势，对群众身心健康构成严重威胁。犬咬伤可引发伤口感染、破伤风等多种并发症，且存在狂犬病传播的致死风险，因此，急诊规范化护理是降低并发症发生率、改善患者预后的关键举措。本文结合近年来国内外相关研究成果和临床实践指南，从犬咬伤急诊护理的流行病学特征、伤口规范化处理、疫苗接种护理、多学科协同护理、心理干预及健康宣教等主要领域，系统梳理犬咬伤患者急诊规范化护理的研究新进展，对当前护理工作中存在的不足进行分析，并对未来发展方向进行展望，为临床急诊护理工作提供科学依据。

Abstract

Dog bite is a common type of emergency trauma in clinical practice. In recent years, with the growing number of domestic pets in urban and rural areas, the incidence of dog bites has been increasing year by year, which poses a serious threat to public physical and mental health. Dog bites may lead to complications such as wound infection and tetanus, and carry a fatal risk of rabies transmission. Therefore, standardized emergency nursing is critical to reducing the incidence of complications and improving the prognosis of patients. Based on relevant research findings and clinical practice guidelines at home and abroad in recent years, this paper systematically reviews the research progress of standardized emergency nursing for dog bite patients from the aspects of epidemiological characteristics, standardized wound management, vaccination nursing, multidisciplinary collaborative nursing, psychological intervention and health education. It also analyzes the existing problems in current clinical nursing and prospects the future development direction, so as to provide a scientific reference for clinical emergency nursing.