The impact of stratified health education on self-management ability in chronic disease patients
分层健康教育对慢病患者自我管理能力的影响

摘要

目的 分析适配患者个体特征的分层健康教育，对慢性病人群自我管理水平的实际干预价值。方法 纳入2025年1-12月本院收治的120例慢性病患者为研究对象，通过随机数字表完成组别分配，对照组60例沿用临床统一的常规慢性病健康宣教方案，观察组结合患者疾病分型、病程长短及文化素养开展差异化分层健康教育。分别于干预开展前、干预结束后，采用慢性病自我管理行为量表（CDSMS）测评两组患者自我管理能力。结果 干预后，观察组运动锻炼、症状认知管理、医患沟通三项细分维度得分及自我管理行为总评分均高于对照组，组间差异具备统计学意义（P<0.05）；同时观察组自我效能指标改善幅度相较对照组更为突出（P<0.05）。结论 相较于同质化常规宣教，分层健康教育可针对性补齐慢性病患者自我管理短板，切实提升患者自我管理综合能力，临床应用优势更显著。

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the practical intervention value of stratified health education tailored to individual patient characteristics on self-management capacity among chronic disease patients.
Methods A total of 120 chronic disease patients admitted to our hospital from January to December 2025 were enrolled as study subjects. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=60) or an observation group (n=60) using a random number table. The control group received standardized routine health education for chronic diseases, while the observation group received differentiated, stratified health education based on disease type, duration of illness, and cultural literacy. The Chronic Disease Self-Management Scale (CDSMS) was used to assess self-management ability before and after the intervention.
Results After the intervention, the observation group showed significantly higher scores than the control group in three subscales-physical exercise, symptom recognition and management, and patient-doctor communication-as well as in the overall self-management behavior score (P<0.05). Additionally, improvements in self-efficacy indicators were more pronounced in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion   Compared with uniform conventional education, stratified health education effectively addresses specific deficiencies in self-management among chronic disease patients, significantly enhancing their overall self-management capabilities, demonstrating greater clinical advantages.