Reflection on the the development path and dissemination of Nankun Prionailurus bengalensis culture under the aspect of natural history
博物学视野下的南昆豹猫文化传播与发展路径反思

摘要

九连山余脉南昆山深处的豹猫华南亚种，在历史上与粤中客家人民和谐共生，形成了以传统博物学知识为核心的南昆豹猫文化。目前，永汉镇在“百千万工程”建设中以南昆豹猫文化为核心打造了豹猫“汉宝”作为镇圩IP景观，促进了当地生态旅游业的发展，带来了一定经济效益。但是，IP的过度“萌化”违背了博物学“自然志”传统，导致南昆豹猫文化的传播正面临符号浅层化、生态意义弱化及在地文化认同断裂等困境，难以真正形成“人-兽-环境”的生命共同体叙事。基于永汉镇圩和南昆山的田野调查中获取的博物学、人类学材料，以及相关地方志文献，在一阶博物的视域下对南昆豹猫文化的传播现状进行分析，发现永汉镇关于南昆豹猫文化传播的实践本质上是“发明的传统”。南昆豹猫文化传播的根本困境，是传播学“萌文化”与博物学“自然志”传统的割裂。这也导致南昆豹猫文化的传播现状，在认知链条上仅体现为浅层视觉奇观，而非博物学自然志传统的“观察-记录-阐释”。

Abstract

The South China subspecies of prionailurus bengalensis tigrin, which distribute in the depth of Nankun Mountains, where belongs to the stretching branch of Jiulian Mountain, lived in harmony with the Hakka people in central of Guangdong during the history, forming the Nankun Prionailurus bengalensis culture centered around the traditional natural history knowledge. At present, Yonghan has created an IP landscape called ‘Hanbao’ centered on the Nankun prionailurus bengalensis culture at the town centre in the construction of the project of ‘High-Quality Development Project for Hundreds of Counties, Thousands of Towns, and Myriads of Villages’, which has brought certain economic benefits to the local area through ecological tourism. However, due to the excessive ‘sprouting’ of the IP, which violates the tradition of ‘naturalis historia’ in natural history, the dissemination of Nankun Prionailurus bengalensis culture is facing difficulties such as the superficiality of symbols, the weakened ecological significance and the broken identity of local cultural, which make it difficult to truly form a ‘human-animal-environment’ life community narrative. Through the natural history and anthropology materials collected during the fifteen days of fieldwork on the prionailurus bengalensis culture IP in the core area of Yonghan Town and the Nankun Mountains, with the local chronicle literatures, it can find out that the practice of the dissemination of Nankun prionailurus bengalensis culture in Yonghan Town is an ‘invented tradition’ in essence. The root dilemma in the dissemination of Nankun prionailurus bengalensis culture is the gap between the ‘moe culture’ of the media culture and the ‘naturalis historia’ tradition of the natural history studies, which leads to the current situation of the dissemination of the Nankun prionailurus bengalensis culture, is only reflected in the cognitive chain as a shallow visual spectacle, rather than the traditional ‘observation-record-interpretation’ of ‘naturalis historia’ tradition of natural history.