Multiple interpretations and artistic expressions of life consciousness in Cao Pi’s fu works
曹丕赋作中生命意识的多重解读与艺术表现

摘要

魏晋是一个生命色彩浓郁的时代，也是文人自我意识开始觉醒的时代。曹丕在这一时期的文人中颇具代表性，也是建安文学的重要人物。本文以生命意识为切入点，运用文献研究与个案分析的方法，对曹丕赋作中所体现的生命意识进行研究，从中不难发现其生命意识主要表现为对生命本体的时间性焦虑、对存在状态的孤独性体验、对生命情感的悲情性咏叹。曹丕摒弃了汉大赋铺张扬厉、堆砌辞藻的创作传统，转而以大量抒情小赋抒发个人情志，在其赋作中主要通过情景交融、抒情主人公的多面塑造的手法来感慨自身在政治斗争中的艰难处境；或叹息生命短促、岁月流逝；或感伤社会群体的悲惨生活。从“体物”到“缘情”的创作变化，为后世建安文学的情感转向奠定了坚实的基础。

Abstract

The Wei and Jin dynasties were an era marked by a profound sense of life, as well as an age when the self-awareness of literati first began to awaken. Among the literati of this period, Cao Pi is highly representative and also a key figure in Jian’an Literature. Taking life consciousness as the starting point, this paper employs the methods of documentary research and case analysis, and examines the political, cultural and living contexts in which Cao Pi lived to analyze the origins of the formation of his life consciousness. A study of the life consciousness reflected in Cao Pi’s fu writings reveals that his life consciousness is chiefly manifested in three aspects: temporal anxiety over the essence of life, solitary experience of existential state, and sorrowful chanting of life emotions. Breaking away from the Han dynasty grand fu tradition of rhetorical grandiloquence and ornate diction, Cao Pi turned to composing numerous short lyrical fu to express his personal sentiments. In his fu works, he mainly employs techniques such as the fusion of feelings and scenes and the multi-faceted portrayal of lyrical protagonists to lament his difficult predicament in political struggles, sigh over the brevity of life and the passage of time, or grieve over the miserable lives of the general populace.The creative shift from “describing objects” to “expressing emotions” laid a solid foundation for the emotional turn of later Jian’an Literature.