The influence of early enteral nutrition on the immune function and infectious complications of trauma patients
早期肠内营养对创伤患者免疫功能及感染并发症的影响

摘要

目的 探讨在重度创伤患者治疗过程中给予早期肠内营养对患者免疫功能及感染并发症的影响。方法 选择2024年2月-2025年2月我院急诊科收治的84例重度创伤患者为研究对象，基于随机就诊顺序分为对照组和研究组，各42例。对照组患者予常规营养支持，研究组则采用早期肠内营养支持方案，比较两组患者干预前后免疫功能指标变化情况，统计并发症发生情况。结果 两组患者干预前CD4⁺/CD8⁺、IgM、IgG及IgA均未见显著性差异（P>0.05），干预后，研究组患者各指标均较干预前提升且高于同期对照组（P<0.05）；研究组感染相关并发症发生率较对照组明显下降（P<0.05）。结论 对重度创伤患者实施早期肠内营养支持，可有效改善其免疫功能，降低感染相关并发症的发生率，是一种安全有效的临床营养管理策略，值得推广。

Abstract

Objective To explore the impact of early enteral nutrition on the immune function and infectious complications of patients with severe trauma during treatment.
Methods A total of 84 patients with severe trauma admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from February 2024 to February 2025 were selected as the research subjects. Based on the principle of random double-blind, they were divided into the control group and the study group, with 42 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given conventional nutritional support, while those in the study group were given an early enteral nutrition support program. The changes in immune function indicators of the two groups before and after the intervention were compared, and the occurrence of complications was statistically analyzed.
Results Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in CD4⁺ / CD8⁺, IgM, IgG and IgA between the two groups (P>0.05). After the intervention, all indicators of the patients in the study group increased compared with those before the intervention and were higher than those in the control group at the same period (P<0.05). The incidence of infection-related complications in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion   Implementing early enteral nutrition support for patients with severe trauma can effectively improve their immune function and reduce the incidence of infection-related complications. It is a safe and effective clinical nutrition management strategy and is worthy of promotion.