The impact of multimodal diabetes health education on disease knowledge and self-management ability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
多形式糖尿病健康教育对2型糖尿病患者疾病知识水平及自我管理能力的影响分析

摘要

目的 分析多形式糖尿病健康教育对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者疾病知识水平与自我管理能力的改善作用。方法 选取2024年3月至2025年3月本院收治的196例T2DM患者，随机分为对照组（常规护理，98例）与实验组（多形式健康教育，98例）。比较两组干预前后在疾病知识水平、自我管理能力（含饮食、运动、血糖监测、用药、自我护理、高低血糖预防）、血糖指标（空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白）及生活质量（躯体疼痛、心理健康、总体健康、社会功能）方面的差异。结果 干预后，实验组在疾病知识评分、自我管理能力、血糖控制（空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白）及生活质量各维度均显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 多形式糖尿病健康教育能有效提升患者疾病认知与自我管理能力，改善血糖控制，提高生活质量，具有良好的临床推广价值。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effects of multimodal diabetes health education on disease knowledge and self-management ability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods A total of 196 T2DM patients admitted to our hospital between March 2024 and March 2025 were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 98, receiving routine care) or an intervention group (n = 98, receiving multimodal diabetes health education). Differences between the two groups were compared before and after the intervention in terms of disease knowledge, self-management ability (including dietary control, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, medication adherence, self-care, and prevention of hypo-/hyperglycemia), glycemic outcomes (fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and HbA1c), and quality of life (physical pain, mental health, general health, and social functioning).
Results After the intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher scores in disease knowledge, all domains of self-management ability, better glycemic control, and improved quality of life across all dimensions compared to the control group (all P < 0.05).
Conclusion   Multimodal diabetes health education effectively enhances disease-related knowledge and self-management capacity among T2DM patients, leading to improved glycemic control and quality of life, demonstrating strong potential for clinical application and dissemination.