International Journal of Nursing Research
International Journal of Nursing Research. 2026; 8: (5) ; 10.12208/j.ijnr.20260241 .
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内蒙古医科大学护理学院 内蒙古呼和浩特
*通讯作者： 徐小青,单位：内蒙古医科大学护理学院 内蒙古呼和浩特; ；
目的 分析呼和浩特市社区老年高血压患者轻度认知障碍（MCI）的流行病学特征，筛选其发病相关危险因素，为该人群MCI的早期筛查、诊断及针对性干预提供科学参考。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法，选取呼和浩特市4个辖区的295例社区老年高血压患者为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集一般资料，采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估认知功能，运用SPSS27.0软件进行统计学分析，通过χ²检验行单因素分析，经多因素Logistic回归分析探究MCI发生的独立危险因素。结果 295例研究对象中检出MCI患者68例，患病率为23.05%；多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄≥70岁、吸烟、独居、高血压患病年限>10年是该人群发生MCI的独立危险因素（P<0.05），高受教育年限为其独立保护因素（P<0.05）。结论 呼和浩特市社区老年高血压患者MCI患病率处于较高水平，年龄、吸烟、独居及长期高血压病史均会增加其发病风险，高受教育年限可降低发病风险。社区医疗服务中需加强对该人群的认知功能筛查，针对相关危险因素实施个体化干预，以延缓认知功能衰退，改善患者健康结局。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly hypertensive patients in communities of Hohhot, screen out the related risk factors for its onset, and provide a scientific reference for the early screening, diagnosis and targeted intervention of MCI in this population. Methods A total of 295 elderly hypertensive patients from 4 districts of Hohhot were selected as the research subjects by stratified cluster random sampling. General data were collected through questionnaire surveys, and cognitive functions were evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 27.0 software: the chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the independent risk factors for MCI. Results Among the 295 research subjects, 68 cases were diagnosed with MCI, with a prevalence rate of 23.05%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥70 years, smoking, living alone and hypertension duration >10 years were independent risk factors for MCI in this population (P<0.05), while higher education level was an independent protective factor (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of MCI is relatively high in elderly hypertensive patients in communities of Hohhot. Age, smoking, living alone and long-term hypertension history can increase the risk of MCI, whereas higher education level can reduce the risk. It is necessary to strengthen cognitive function screening for this population in community medical services and implement individualized interventions targeting related risk factors, so as to delay cognitive decline and improve patients' health outcomes.
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