A corpus-driven study on the accurate translation of Chinese-English emergency terminology for natural disasters
语料库驱动的自然灾害应急术语精准翻译研究

摘要

全球气候变化背景下自然灾害频发，跨语言应急信息精准传递对国际救援协作具有重要意义。当前自然灾害应急术语翻译存在语义偏差、表达不统一、文化适配不足等问题，影响应急信息沟通效率。为提升汉英自然灾害应急术语翻译的准确性与规范性，本文以汉英自然灾害应急术语为研究对象，采用语料库驱动方法，综合文献研究、语料分析、案例对比与专家咨询等手段，收集整理政府公告、救援报告、学术文献等多源语料，开展术语识别、语义辨析与翻译对比分析，探讨应急术语翻译的难点与优化路径。研究梳理出汉英应急术语的语义差异与使用规律，提出适配应急场景的翻译优化思路，明确交际性优先、概念准确、语用恰当的翻译取向，有助于减少术语翻译歧义与误用。研究结果可为应急语言服务实践提供参考，助力提升跨语言应急信息传递效率，服务国际灾害救援交流与合作。

Abstract

Under the background of global climate change, natural disasters occur frequently, and the accurate transmission of cross-language emergency information is of great significance to international rescue cooperation. At present, there are some problems in the translation of natural disaster emergency terms, such as semantic deviation, inconsistent expression and insufficient cultural adaptation, which affect the efficiency of emergency information communication. In order to improve the accuracy and standardization of Chinese-English natural disaster emergency terminology translation, this paper takes Chinese-English natural disaster emergency terminology as the research object, adopts the corpus-driven method, integrates literature research, corpus analysis, case comparison and expert consultation, collects and collates multi-source corpus such as government announcements, rescue reports and academic literature, carries out terminology recognition, semantic discrimination and translation comparative analysis, and discusses the difficulties and optimization paths of emergency terminology translation. The study sorts out the semantic differences and usage rules of Chinese and English emergency terms, puts forward the translation optimization ideas suitable for emergency scenarios, and clarifies the translation orientation of communicative priority, accurate concept and appropriate pragmatics, which is helpful to reduce the ambiguity and misuse of term translation. The research results can provide reference for emergency language service practice, help to improve the efficiency of cross-language emergency information transmission, and serve international disaster rescue exchanges and cooperation.