Standardized disposal for severe exposure to rabies caused by animal bites: a clinical analysis of 80 cases
动物致伤狂犬病严重暴露规范处置80例临床分析

摘要

目的 探讨动物致伤狂犬病严重暴露病例的临床特点与规范处置措施。方法 收集本院2025年9月1日-9月20日期间收治的80例动物致伤狂犬病严重暴露患者资料开展回顾性分析。统计所有患者的年龄、性别等基本信息，详细记录各患者的致伤动物种类、暴露等级、暴露部位等情况。结果 76例动物致伤狂犬病严重暴露患者中，男性占比40.79%、女性占比59.21%；猫类致伤最为常见，其次为犬类致伤，占比分别为52.63%、46.05%；暴露部位以上肢最多，占比67.11%，其次为下肢（27.63%）。性别在不同年龄段中的分布无显著差异，且不同年龄段患者在暴露部位的分布上并无明显差异，无统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 女性与青年群体在动物致伤患者中占比较高，应针对不同的致伤动物类型、致伤部位及不同人群，制定针对性、差异化的预防策略，实现动物致伤狂犬病暴露后的规范处置。

Abstract

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and standardized disposal measures for severe exposure cases of rabies caused by animal bites.
Methods The data of 80 patients with severe exposure to rabies caused by animal bites who were admitted to our hospital from September 1, 2025 to September 20 were collected and a retrospective analysis was conducted. Basic information such as age and gender of all patients was statistically analyzed. The types of biting animals, exposure grades, and exposure sites of each patient were recorded in detail.
Results Among the 76 patients with severe exposure to rabies caused by animal bites included in this study, 40.79% were male and 59.21% were female; cat bites were the most common, followed by dog bites, accounting for 52.63% and 46.05% respectively; the upper limbs were the most exposed area, accounting for 67.11%, followed by the lower limbs (27.63%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of gender among different age groups, and there was no significant difference in the distribution of exposure sites among patients of different age groups, which was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   Women and young people account for a higher proportion of patients with animal bite-related rabies exposure. Different prevention strategies should be formulated for different types of biting animals, exposure sites, and different populations to achieve standardized disposal after exposure to rabies caused by animal bites.