Evidence-based development of a nutritional support and fall prevention nursing program for patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck tumors: research and practice
基于循证构建头颈部肿瘤放疗患者营养支持联合防跌倒护理方案及实践研究

摘要

目的 依托循证医学理念，构建头颈部肿瘤放疗患者营养支持联合防跌倒护理模式，探究其临床应用成效。方法 择2025年1-12月于本院接受放疗的头颈部肿瘤患者60例，以随机数字表法分为两组，对照组采用常规护理模式，观察组应用循证导向下的营养支持联合防跌倒护理方案，对比两组护理成效。比较两组患者的不良事件发生率、营养指标及跌倒风险评分。结果 观察组患者营养不良发生率、跌倒发生率均低于对照组，护理后血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞总数等营养指标优于对照组，Morse跌倒风险评分低于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 该循证联合护理方案可有效改善患者营养状况，降低相关风险，提升护理成效，具备推广价值。

Abstract

Objective To construct an evidence-based nursing model integrating nutritional support and fall prevention for head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and to evaluate its clinical application effectiveness.
Methods Sixty patients with head and neck cancer who received radiotherapy in our hospital from January to December 2025 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing care, while the observation group was treated with an evidence-based nursing plan combining nutritional support and fall prevention. The incidence of adverse events, nutritional indicators, and fall risk scores were compared between the two groups.
Results The incidence of malnutrition and falls in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. After nursing intervention, the observation group showed better nutritional indicators (serum albumin, hemoglobin, total lymphocyte count) and a lower Morse Fall Risk Scale score compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   The evidence-based combined nursing plan integrating nutritional support and fall prevention can effectively improve the nutritional status of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, reduce the risk of falls and related adverse events, and enhance nursing effectiveness, demonstrating value for clinical promotion.