Potential value of gut microbiota intervention in nursing care for diabetes
肠道菌群干预在糖尿病护理中的潜在价值研究

摘要

目的 探究“益生菌补充+菌群导向饮食+行为干预”的肠道菌群调控方案在2型糖尿病（T2DM）护理中的应用价值，明确其对血糖控制、代谢指标及肠道菌群结构的影响。方法 选取2024年3至9月96例T2DM患者，按随机数字表法分为对照组（48例，常规糖尿病护理）与实验组（48例，常规护理+肠道菌群干预）。对比两组干预12周后血糖指标（FBG、2hPG、HbA1c）、代谢指标及肠道菌群丰度。结果 实验组FBG（5.8±0.7）mmol/L、2hPG（8.2±1.1）mmol/L、HbA1c（6.3±0.5）%，均低于对照组（7.2±0.9）mmol/L、（10.5±1.4）mmol/L、（7.5±0.6）%（t=8.562、9.438、10.925，P＜0.001）；双歧杆菌、乳杆菌丰度高于对照组，大肠杆菌丰度低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 肠道菌群干预可优化T2DM患者菌群结构，提升血糖控制效果，具有重要临床护理价值。

Abstract

Objective To explore the application value of a gut microbiota regulation program combining “probiotic supplementation + microbiota-oriented diet + behavioral intervention” in the nursing care of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to clarify its effects on glycemic control, metabolic indicators, and gut microbiota composition.
Methods A total of 96 T2DM patients from March to September 2024 were selected and randomly assigned using a random number table into a control group (48 cases, receiving routine diabetes care) and an experimental group (48 cases, receiving routine care plus gut microbiota intervention). After 12 weeks of intervention, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), HbA1c, metabolic indicators, and gut microbiota abundance were compared between the two groups.
Results In the experimental group, FBG (5.8 ± 0.7 mmol/L), 2hPG (8.2 ± 1.1 mmol/L), and HbA1c (6.3 ± 0.5%) were all lower than in the control group (7.2 ± 0.9 mmol/L, 10.5 ± 1.4 mmol/L, 7.5 ± 0.6%) (t = 8.562, 9.438, 10.925, P < 0.001). The abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was higher, while Escherichia coli abundance was lower in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   Gut microbiota intervention can optimize the gut microbial structure in T2DM patients and improve glycemic control, demonstrating significant clinical nursing value.