Analysis of adverse reactions caused by the combined use of cephalosporin drugs and various western medicines
头孢菌素类药物与多种西药联合使用所致的不良反应分析

摘要

目的 分析头孢菌素类药物与多种西药联合使用所致的不良反应类型、发生特点及相关影响因素，为临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法 选取2023年1月-2024年12月在本院接受头孢菌素类药物联合西药治疗后出现不良反应的80例患者作为研究对象，采用回顾性分析方法，根据联合用药方案的不同将患者分为观察组（头孢菌素类联合2种及以上西药，40例）与对照组（头孢菌素类联合1种西药，40例），统计两组患者的不良反应发生时间、累及系统、临床表现及转归情况，分析不良反应与药物种类、用药剂量、给药途径及患者个体差异的关联性。结果 观察组用药后0～30 min内不良反应发生率显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组在消化系统不良反应发生率、皮肤及黏膜不良反应发生率以及多系统联合受累比例三个方面，均显著高于对照组，组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 头孢菌素类药物与多种西药联合使用时不良反应风险增加，临床应严格把控联合用药指征，根据患者个体情况优化用药方案，加强用药期间的不良反应监测，以保障用药安全。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the types, occurrence characteristics and related influencing factors of adverse reactions caused by the combined use of cephalosporin drugs and various Western medicines, and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.
Methods 80 patients who experienced adverse reactions after receiving cephalosporin drugs combined with Western medicines in our hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects. A retrospective analysis method was adopted. According to different combined medication regimens, the patients were divided into the observation group (cephalosporin drugs combined with 2 or more Western medicines, 40 cases) and the control group (cephalosporin drugs combined with 1 Western medicine, 40 cases). The occurrence time, affected systems, clinical manifestations and outcomes of adverse reactions of the two groups of patients were statistically analyzed, and the correlations between adverse reactions and drug types, dosage, administration route and individual differences of patients were analyzed.
Results The incidence of adverse reactions within 0-30 minutes after medication in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); In terms of the incidence of adverse reactions in the digestive system, adverse reactions in the skin and mucous membranes, and the proportion of multiple system joint involvement, the observation group was significantly higher than the control group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05);
Conclusion   When cephalosporin drugs are combined with various Western medicines, the risk of adverse reactions increases. Clinically, the indications for combined medication should be strictly controlled, the medication plan should be optimized based on the individual conditions of patients, and the monitoring of adverse reactions during medication should be strengthened to ensure medication safety.