Analysis of the correlation between serological test results of neonatal hemolytic disease caused by mother-child abo blood type incompatibility and the antibody titers of maternal immunoglobulin G
母婴ABO血型不合引起新生儿溶血病血清学检验结果与孕妇免疫球蛋白G抗体效价的关联性分析

摘要

目的 探究母婴ABO血型不合所致新生儿溶血病（HDN）患儿的血清学检验结果与孕妇免疫球蛋白G（IgG）抗体效价的关联性。方法 将2022年5月至2025年12月在本院接受诊断的100例ABO血型不合HDN患儿作为研究组，并将我院同期100例母婴ABO血型不合但未发生HDN的新生儿作为对照组，回顾性分析两组新生儿血清学检验结果，同时检测对应孕妇的IgG抗体效价，分析血清学检验结果与孕妇IgG抗体效价的相关性。结果 直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离抗体试验、放散抗体试验阳性率研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）；对应孕妇IgG抗体效价≥1:64及≥1:256的比例研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）；相关性分析显示，孕妇IgG抗体效价与新生儿血清学三项试验阳性率呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 母婴ABO血型不合HDN患儿血清学检验阳性率显著升高，且孕妇IgG抗体效价越高，新生儿血清学试验阳性风险越高，两者存在密切关联性，联合检测可提升HDN早期诊断准确性。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the correlation between serological test results and maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers in neonates with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) caused by maternal-fetal ABO blood group incompatibility.
Methods A total of 100 neonates diagnosed with ABO-incompatible HDN in our hospital from May 2022 to December 2025 were enrolled as the study group, and 100 neonates with ABO incompatibility but without HDN in the same period were enrolled as the control group. The serological test results of both groups were retrospectively analyzed, and the IgG antibody titers of the corresponding mothers were measured to assess the correlation between serological test results and maternal IgG antibody titers.
Results The positive rates of direct antiglobulin test, free antibody test, and antibody elution test were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05). The proportions of mothers with IgG antibody titers ≥1:64 and ≥1:256 were also higher in the study group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between maternal IgG antibody titers and the positive rates of the three neonatal serological tests (P<0.05).
Conclusion   The serological test positive rates in neonates with ABO-incompatible HDN are significantly higher, and the higher the maternal IgG antibody titers, the greater the risk of neonatal serological test positivity. There is a close association between the two factors, and combined testing can improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of HDN.