Nursing progress in desensitization treatment of allergic rhinitis
过敏性鼻炎脱敏治疗的护理进展

摘要

过敏性鼻炎是一种由IgE介导的鼻黏膜慢性炎症性疾病，临床表现为鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕和鼻塞等症状，严重影响患者的生活质量。近年来，随着对疾病机制认识的深入，特异性免疫治疗，即脱敏治疗，已成为唯一可改变疾病自然进程的病因治疗方法。护理在脱敏治疗全程中发挥着关键作用。本文旨在系统综述近年来过敏性鼻炎脱敏治疗中护理工作的最新进展，涵盖患者教育、治疗依从性管理、不良反应监测、心理支持及多学科协作等方面，以期为临床护理实践提供参考。

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by IgE. Its clinical manifestations include symptoms such as nasal itching, sneezing, runny nose and nasal congestion, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. In recent years, with the deepening understanding of disease mechanisms, specific immunotherapy, also known as desensitization therapy, has become the only etiological treatment method that can change the natural course of diseases. Nursing plays a crucial role throughout the desensitization treatment process. This article aims to systematically review the latest progress in nursing work in the desensitization treatment of allergic rhinitis in recent years, covering aspects such as patient education, treatment compliance management, adverse reaction monitoring, psychological support, and multidisciplinary collaboration, with the expectation of providing references for clinical nursing practice.