Modern Social Science Research
Modern Social Science Research. 2026; 6: (6) ; 10.12208/j.ssr.20260213 .
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湖南省超级计算科学学会 湖南长沙;
*通讯作者： 赵山东,单位：湖南省超级计算科学学会 湖南长沙; ；
概念与定义是支撑人类思维与交流的核心基础范畴，传统研究长期存在概念—定义混同与理性独断两大根本缺陷，割裂理性与非理性认知的内在联系，无法合理解释虚构对象、数字虚拟对象等特殊概念范畴。本文以贯穿认知全流程的分辨—关联为基础性核心认知操作，提出理性与非理性是该操作在不同加工深度、不同神经通路下的协同表现形态，系统重构概念与定义理论体系。构建了“存在形态（实物/事件）×认知功能（分辨/关联）×认知层级（具象/抽象）”的三维八类概念分类体系，明确虚构与数字虚拟对象的分类归属，揭示概念从具象到抽象的演化机制；厘清定义的本质、二元结构及描述性—解释性类型划分，阐明概念与定义“本体—工具”的辩证关系。同时回应了双系统理论、语言与思维关系等主流学术争议。本研究填补了认知与逻辑等交叉领域的学术空白，为认知科学、人工智能等领域提供了统一的理论基础。
Concepts and definitions are the core fundamental categories supporting human thinking and communication. Traditional studies have long been plagued by two fundamental flaws: the confusion between concepts and definitions, and rational dogmatism. Such studies sever the intrinsic connection between rational and irrational cognition, failing to reasonably explain special conceptual categories such as fictional objects and digital virtual objects. Taking discrimination-association, which runs through the entire cognitive process, as the basic core cognitive operation, this paper proposes that rationality and irrationality are the synergistic manifestations of this operation at different processing depths and in different neural pathways, and systematically reconstructs the theoretical system of concepts and definitions. It constructs a three-dimensional eight-category classification system of concepts: “existential form (substance/event)×cognitive function (discrimination/association)×cognitive level (concrete/abstract)”, clarifies the classification attribution and generation laws of fictional and digital virtual objects, and reveals the evolution mechanism of concepts from concreteness to abstraction. It also clarifies the essence, dual structure and descriptive-explanative classification of definitions, and expounds the dialectical relationship of “ontology-tool” between concepts and definitions. Meanwhile, it responds to mainstream academic controversies such as the dual-process theory and the relationship between language and thinking. This study fills the academic gap in the interdisciplinary field of cognition and logic, and provides a unified theoretical basis for cognitive science, artificial intelligence and other fields.
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