Analysis and considerations on labor costs of outsourcing in urban rail transit stations—A case study of Shanghai Metro
城市轨道交通车站委外人工成本的分析和思考——以上海地铁为例

摘要

我国绝大多数城市地铁的运营收入都不足以覆盖运营支出，要保证地铁运营企业的可持续经营，都是通过地方财政给与补贴来实现。要想改变这种状况，地铁运营企业降本增效就显得尤为重要。而地铁运营成本中，人工成本占比达50%以上，如何有效降低人工成本，成为地铁运营企业的首要之选。而从上海地铁已经尝试的部分站务委外和安保、保洁委外的效果来看，确实能有效降低企业的运营成本。本文从上海地铁的站务委外人工现状和数据分析中，试图得到影响站务委外的关键因素，并试着设计出站务委外的标准人工成本。

Abstract

The operational revenue of metro systems in the vast majority of Chinese cities is insufficient to cover operational expenditures. To ensure the sustainable operation of metro enterprises, local governments provide financial subsidies. To change this situation, it is crucial for metro operators to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Labor costs account for over 50% of the total operational expenses in metro systems, making effective reduction of labor costs a primary focus for metro operators. Based on the outcomes of outsourcing certain station services, security, and cleaning tasks in Shanghai Metro, it has been demonstrated that outsourcing can effectively lower operational costs. This paper analyzes the current status and data of outsourced labor in Shanghai Metro’s station services to identify key factors influencing outsourcing and attempts to design a standardized labor cost model for station service outsourcing.