Translation principles and practical paths of cultural terms in ethnic festivals
民族节庆文化术语的翻译原则与实践路径

摘要

我国民族节庆文化是中华民族多元一体格局的重要体现，民族节庆文化术语具有鲜明的文化负载性、民族专属性与仪式象征性，其翻译直接影响民族文化跨文化传播效果。本文以蒙古族那达慕、藏族雪顿节、傣族泼水节、彝族火把节、壮族三月三等节庆文化术语为研究对象，归纳其文本特征与文化内涵，提出文化保真、名从主人、约定俗成、可读性与统一性五大翻译原则，总结音译加注、直译阐释、功能意译、混合译法四种实践路径，剖析当前译名混乱、文化失真、传播低效等问题并提出优化策略。研究旨在规范民族节庆文化术语翻译体系，推动民族文化精准对外传播，助力中华文化国际传播能力建设与中华民族共同体意识培育。

Abstract

Ethnic festival cultures in China carry unique historical memories and spiritual cores, which vividly reflect the pattern of the Chinese nation’s unity in diversity. As condensed symbols of ethnic cultures, terms concerning ethnic festival cultures are characterized by distinctive cultural loadedness, ethnic exclusiveness and ritual symbolism, whose translation quality directly determines the accuracy and effectiveness of cross-cultural communication of ethnic cultures. Taking representative festivals such as the Mongolian Nadam Fair, Tibetan Xuedun Festival, Dai Water-Splashing Festival, Yi Torch Festival and Zhuang Third Month Third Festival as research objects, this paper analyzes the core features and connotations of such cultural terms, defines five translation principles: cultural fidelity, naming after the owner, conventionality, readability and uniformity, and explores four practical approaches: transliteration with annotation, literal translation with explanation, functional free translation and mixed translation. It also puts forward optimization strategies for problems including chaotic translations, cultural distortion and inefficient communication. This research aims to standardize the translation system of ethnic festival cultural terms, promote the accurate overseas communication of excellent cultures of all ethnic groups, and boost the construction of international communication capacity of Chinese culture and the cultivation of the sense of community for the Chinese nation.