From "post-editing" to "human-machine collaboration": the evolution and reconstruction of applied translation models in the era of artificial intelligence
从“译后编辑”到“人机协同”：人工智能时代应用翻译模式的演进与重构

摘要

自2003年以来，我国应用翻译研究已成为翻译研究的重要领域。随着人工智能技术（以下简称AI）的日渐成熟，特别是神经机器翻译与大型语言模型的突破性进展，应用翻译及其研究领域正经历一场深刻的范式变革。本文旨在系统梳理与剖析应用翻译模式从初级的“译后编辑”向高级的“人机协同”演进的内在逻辑与路径，论证这一演进标志着翻译活动从以人类为中心的工具性辅助，转向人机智能深度融合的共生性重构。文章首先分析译后编辑模式的结构性局限，继而探讨人机协同模式的理论基础与实践形态，最终从认知生态、工作流程与译者素养三个维度，阐述应用翻译模式重构的核心内涵。本研究论证，人机协同不仅是技术的演进，更是翻译活动在智能性、适应性与创造性层面的系统性跃升，为应对全球化时代的海量、高质、快速翻译需求提供了可持续的发展路径。

Abstract

Since 2003, applied translation studies in China have become a significant domain within translation research. With the increasing maturity of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly the groundbreaking advancements in neural machine translation and large language models, applied translation and its research field are undergoing a profound paradigmatic shift. This paper aims to systematically examine and analyze the internal logic and pathway of the evolution of applied translation models from the elementary stage of "post-editing" to the advanced stage of "human-machine collaboration." It argues that this evolution signifies a transformation of translation activities from human-centered instrumental assistance to a symbiotic reconstruction characterized by deep integration of human and machine intelligence. The article first analyzes the structural limitations of the post-editing model, then explores the theoretical foundations and practical forms of the human-machine collaboration model. Finally, it elaborates on the core implications of reconstructing applied translation models across three dimensions: cognitive ecology, workflow, and translator competence. This study posits that human-machine collaboration represents not merely a technological progression but a systemic advancement in the intelligence, adaptability, and creativity of translation activities, offering a sustainable development path to meet the demands for massive volume, high quality, and rapid speed in translation within the era of globalization.