Correlation analysis between nurses' level of awareness and clinical application efficacy of sputum extraction devices
护士对咳痰机认知程度与临床应用效果的相关性分析

摘要

目的 探讨护士对咳痰机的认知程度与临床应用效果的关联性，为优化咳痰机临床应用管理、提升护理质量提供参考。方法 采用横断面研究设计，通过便利抽样法，选取2025年1月-2025年7月某三级医院呼吸与危重症医学科、ICU、神经外科等科室使用过咳痰机的120名护士及对应的120例患者为研究对象。每名护士仅纳入其在研究期间负责操作咳痰机的1例患者，确保护士认知水平与患者临床结局的一一对应关系。采用自行设计的护士咳痰机认知问卷评估护士认知水平，通过回顾性分析患者临床资料，收集日均排痰量、肺部感染控制率、气道通畅维持时间及不良反应发生率4项应用效果指标。运用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析，计量资料以（͞x±s）表示，计数资料以率（%）表示，采用方差分析比较不同认知组临床应用效果差异，Pearson相关分析探讨护士认知得分与临床应用效果的关联性，P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 护士咳痰机认知得分平均为（68.92±11.18）分，其中高认知组（≥80分）30名、中认知组（60-79分）71名、低认知组（＜60分）19名。高认知组护士对应的患者日均排痰量、肺部感染控制率、气道通畅维持时间相关水平均显著优于中、低认知组，不良反应发生率相关水平显著低于中、低认知组（P＜0.05）；中认知组相关指标优于低认知组（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示，护士认知得分与日均排痰量呈正相关（r=0.70，p＜0.05），与肺部感染控制率呈正相关（r=0.28，p＜0.05），与气道通畅维持时间呈正相关（r=0.56，p＜0.05），与不良反应发生率呈负相关（r=-0.21，p＜0.05）。结论 护士对咳痰机的认知程度与临床应用效果显著相关，认知水平越高，对应的患者日均排痰量相关水平更高、气道通畅维持时间相关水平更长、肺部感染控制率相关水平更高，不良反应发生率相关水平更低。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the correlation between nurses’ level of cognition regarding mechanical insufflator-exsufflator and its clinical application outcomes, thereby providing insights for optimizing the clinical management of mechanical insufflator-exsufflator use and enhancing the quality of nursing care.
Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed. Using convenience sampling, 120 nurses from departments including Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ICU, and Neurosurgery of a tertiary hospital, who had operated mechanical insufflator-exsufflators between January and July 2025, and their corresponding 120 patients were recruited. Each nurse was associated with only one patient for whom they operated the device during the study period, ensuring a one-to-one correspondence between nurses’ cognitive levels and patients’ clinical outcomes. A self-developed questionnaire assessed nurses’ cognition levels. Patients’ clinical data were retrospectively analyzed to collect four outcome indicators: daily average sputum excretion, pulmonary infection control rate, duration of airway patency maintenance, and incidence of adverse reactions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (͞x±s), and count data as rates (%). Variance analysis was used to compare outcome differences among different cognition groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between nurses’ cognition scores and clinical outcomes, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results The average cognition score of nurses was 68.92±11.18. Participants were stratified into high-cognition (≥80 points, n=30), moderate-cognition (60–79 points, n=71), and low-cognition (<60 points, n=19) groups. Patients cared for by nurses in the high-cognition group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in terms of daily average sputum excretion, pulmonary infection control rate, and duration of airway patency maintenance, as well as a significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions, compared to those in the moderate- and low-cognition groups (P<0.05). Similarly, the moderate-cognition group outperformed the low-cognition group across all indicators (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that nurses’ cognition scores were positively correlated with daily sputum excretion (r=0.70, p<0.05), pulmonary infection control rate (r=0.28, p<0.05), and duration of airway patency maintenance (r=0.56, p<0.05), and negatively correlated with the incidence of adverse reactions (r=-0.21, p<0.05).
Conclusion   Nurses' cognition level regarding mechanical insufflator-exsufflator is significantly correlated with clinical application outcomes. Higher cognition levels are associated with increased daily sputum excretion, longer maintenance of airway patency, higher pulmonary infection control rates, and lower incidence of adverse reactions in patients.