Normative suggestions for the ambiguous classification of bridge disease grades
桥梁病害等级划分模糊问题的规范建议

摘要

为解决桥梁病害等级划分中的模糊性问题，本文探讨了现行《公路桥梁技术状况评定标准》和《城市桥梁养护技术规范》在裂缝宽度等关键阈值设定上的差异。通过数学建模与模糊数学理论，提出了“刚性阈值+柔性过渡带”协同修正框架，减少了规范间阈值重叠引起的等级判定不确定性。研究还提出基于不确定度的等级仲裁规则，确保检测误差对等级评定的影响最小化，并通过专家权重动态耦合模型，提高了病害等级判定的一致性。通过案例验证，提出的规范化改进路径在实际操作中具有较高的可执行性，为后续桥梁养护标准的修订提供了理论依据和技术支持。

Abstract

To address the ambiguity in the classification of bridge disease grades, this paper discusses the differences in the setting of key thresholds such as crack width between the current "Technical Condition Evaluation Standards for Highway Bridges" and the "Technical Specifications for Maintenance of Urban Bridges". Through mathematical modeling and fuzzy mathematics theory, a collaborative correction framework of "rigid threshold + flexible transition zone" was proposed, which reduced the uncertainty of grade determination caused by the overlap of thresholds between specifications. The research also proposed a grade arbitration rule based on uncertainty to ensure that the impact of detection errors on grade assessment is minimized, and through the dynamic coupling model of expert weights, the consistency of disease grade determination was improved. Through case verification, the proposed standardized improvement path has high executability in practical operation, providing theoretical basis and technical support for the subsequent revision of bridge maintenance standards.