Mechanism analysis of the impact of long-travel suspension systems on vehicle stability
长行程悬挂系统对车辆稳定性影响机理探讨

摘要

长行程悬挂系统通过拓展车轮垂直活动空间强化复杂路况通过性，其对车辆稳定性的影响机理核心在于结构特性、阻尼效能与刚度分布的协同作用。行程延长易引发几何特性劣化，导致车轮外倾角异常与侧倾加剧；动态响应滞后会降低突发路况下的姿态可控性；谐振风险则破坏轮胎附着力稳定性。本文从结构关联基础切入，剖析稳定性失衡症结，阐释摆臂联动优化、减震器参数调校等提升路径，以及阻尼与刚度协同调控方法，揭示行程与稳定性的动态平衡规律，为越野及家用 SUV 悬挂调校提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract

A long-travel suspension system enhances a vehicle's ability to handle complex terrains by extending the vertical movement range of the wheels. The mechanism through which it affects vehicle stability lies primarily in the coordinated interaction of structural characteristics, damping efficiency, and stiffness distribution. Excessive suspension travel may lead to geometric degradation, resulting in abnormal wheel camber angles and increased body roll; delayed dynamic response can reduce controllability during sudden maneuvers; and resonance risks may compromise tire traction stability. This paper starts from the fundamental structural correlations, analyzes the root causes of stability imbalance, and elaborates on optimization approaches such as linkage arm coordination and shock absorber parameter tuning. It further discusses the synergistic regulation of damping and stiffness, revealing the dynamic balance between suspension travel and stability, thereby providing theoretical and practical guidance for suspension tuning in off-road and household SUVs.