Comparative study on the effects of airway clearance techniques and traditional back clapping for sputum ejection in critically Ill patients
气道廓清技术与传统拍背排痰在重症患者中的效果比较研究

摘要

目的 比较重症医学科气道廓清技术与传统拍背排痰在重症肺炎患者中的临床效果，探讨气道廓清技术的应用价值。方法 选取100例重症肺炎患者，按照随机分组原则分为配合治疗组与单独治疗组，各50例。配合治疗组使用气道廓清技术联合其他治疗措施，单独治疗组仅使用传统拍背排痰治疗。观察并记录两组患者气道湿化效果、生命体征、血气指标、肺功能、实验室指标、舒适度、症状缓解时间、临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果 治疗后，配合治疗组痰液黏稠度、咳痰难易程度、呼吸频率、心率等各项参数较单独治疗组显著改善。在临床疗效方面，配合治疗组总有效率显著高于单独治疗组；症状缓解时间包括咳嗽及气促消失时间显著短于单独治疗组。配合治疗组并发症发生率显著低于单独治疗组。结论 气道廓清技术较传统拍背排痰在改善重症肺炎患者气道湿化及排痰效果、血气指标、肺功能及舒适度方面具有显著优势，能够缩短症状缓解时间，减少并发症的发生，进一步提高临床疗效，建议在重症医学科推广应用。

Abstract

Objective To compare the clinical effects of airway clearance techniques and traditional back clapping for sputum ejection in patients with severe pneumonia in the intensive care unit, and to explore the application value of airway clearance techniques.
Methods A total of 100 patients with severe pneumonia were selected and divided into the combined treatment group and the single treatment group, with 50 cases in each group, according to the principle of random grouping. The combined treatment group used airway clearance techniques in combination with other therapeutic measures, while the single treatment group only used traditional back clapping for sputum ejection. The airway humidification effect, vital signs, blood gas indicators, lung function, laboratory indicators, comfort, symptom relief time, clinical efficacy, and complications were observed and recorded in both groups.
Results After treatment, the combined treatment group showed significant improvements in sputum viscosity, ease of expectoration, respiratory rate, and heart rate compared to the single treatment group. In terms of clinical efficacy, the total effective rate of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of the single treatment group; the symptom relief time, including the time to disappearance of cough and dyspnea, was significantly shorter than that of the single treatment group. The incidence of complications in the combined treatment group was significantly lower than that in the single treatment group.
Conclusion   Airway clearance techniques have significant advantages over traditional back clapping for sputum ejection in improving airway humidification and expectoration effects, blood gas indicators, lung function, and comfort in patients with severe pneumonia. They can shorten the symptom relief time, reduce the occurrence of complications, and further improve clinical efficacy. It is recommended to promote the application of airway clearance techniques in the intensive care unit.