Exploration of nutrition intervention model for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus based on evidence-based nursing
基于循证护理的妊娠期糖尿病患者营养干预模式探讨

摘要

目的 构建基于循证护理的妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者营养干预模式为GDM临床营养管理提供科学方案。方法 选取某院产科收治的160例GDM患者，按随机数字表法分为对照组与实验组各80例。对照组实施常规营养指导，实验组采用循证护理营养干预模式。比较两组干预24周后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2小时血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平，记录妊娠结局及母婴并发症发生率。结果 实验组FPG、2hPG、均低于对照组（t=10.982、13.846、15.273，P均＜0.001）；剖宫产率低于对照组（χ²=5.238，P=0.022）；母婴并发症总发生率低于对照组（χ²=7.547，P=0.006）。结论 循证护理营养干预模式可精准调控GDM患者血糖水平，优化妊娠结局，降低母婴并发症风险，其科学性与实用性显著优于常规营养指导，值得临床推广。

Abstract

Objective To construct a nutrition intervention model for patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) based on evidence-based nursing, and to provide a scientific scheme for clinical nutrition management of GDM.
Methods A total of 160 GDM patients admitted to the obstetrics department of a hospital were selected and divided into the control group and the experimental group with 80 cases each according to the random number table method. The control group received routine nutrition guidance, while the experimental group adopted the evidence-based nursing nutrition intervention model. The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were compared between the two groups after 24 weeks of intervention. The pregnancy outcomes and the incidence of maternal and infant complications were recorded.
Results The FPG and 2hPG in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (t=10.982, 13.846, all P<0.001); the cesarean section rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (χ²=5.238, P=0.022); the total incidence of maternal and infant complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (χ²=7.547, P=0.006).
Conclusion   The evidence-based nursing nutrition intervention model can accurately regulate the blood glucose level of GDM patients, optimize pregnancy outcomes, and reduce the risk of maternal and infant complications. Its scientificity and practicability are significantly superior to routine nutrition guidance, which is worthy of clinical promotion.