Exploration of causes and nursing research on complications of central venous catheterization in general surgery
普外科中心静脉置管并发症的原因探讨与护理研究

摘要

目的 探讨普外科中心静脉置管（CVC）并发症的发生原因，并分析综合护理干预对降低并发症发生率的效果，为临床护理方案优化提供依据。方法 选取 2024 年 5 月至 2025 年 5 月我院普外科行中心静脉置管的 80 例患者为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为对照组（40 例，采用常规护理）和实验组（40 例，采用综合护理干预）。统计两组并发症发生情况，分析并发症发生原因，比较两组护理满意度及置管相关指标。结果 80 例患者中共发生并发症 18 例，发生率 22.50%；并发症主要包括导管堵塞（7 例，38.89%）、感染（5 例，27.78%）、导管脱出（3 例，16.67%）、静脉血栓（2 例，11.11%）、穿刺点渗血（1 例，5.56%）。实验组并发症发生率（5.00%）显著低于对照组（40.00%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。实验组护理满意度（97.50%）、导管平均留置时间 [（14.23±2.56）d] 均优于对照组 [75.00%、（9.87±2.13）d]，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 普外科中心静脉置管并发症以导管堵塞、感染为主，与操作不规范、护理不当、患者自身因素等相关；综合护理干预可有效降低并发症发生率，延长置管时间，提高护理满意度，值得临床推广。

Abstract

Objective To explore the causes of complications associated with central venous catheterization (CVC) in the general surgery department and analyze the effectiveness of comprehensive nursing interventions in reducing complication rates, providing a basis for optimizing clinical nursing protocols.
Methods A total of 80 patients whounderwent CVC in the general surgery department of our hospital from May 2024 to May 2025 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into a control group (40 cases, receiving routine nursing) and an experimental group (40 cases, receiving comprehensive nursing interventions). The incidence of complications was recorded, the causes of complications were analyzed, and the nursing satisfactionrates and CVC-related indicators were compared between the two groups.
Results Among the 80 patients, 18 complications occurred, with an incidence rate of 22.50%. The main complications included catheter occlusion (7 cases, 38.89%), infection (5 cases, 27.78%), catheter dislodgement (3 cases, 16.67%), venous thrombosis (2 cases, 11.11%), and puncture site bleeding (1 case, 5.56%). The complication rate in the experimental group (5.00%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (40.00%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction rate (97.50%) and average catheter dwell time [(14.23±2.56) days] in the experimental group were superior to those in the control group [75.00%, (9.87±2.13) days], with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).
Conclusion   The main complications in general surgery CVC are catheter occlusion and infection, which are related to improper procedures, inadequate nursing, and patient-related factors. Comprehensive nursing interventions can effectively reduce complication rates, prolong catheter dwell time, and improve nursing satisfaction, making them worthy of clinical promotion.