Journal of Earth Science Research
Journal of Earth Science Research. 2024; 3: (1) ; 10.12208/j.jesr.20240004 .
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江苏第二师范学院 江苏南京
*通讯作者： 杜兰,单位：江苏第二师范学院 江苏南京；
全球碳循环是地球系统中最重要的生物地球化学循环之一，对气候调节和生态系统功能具有关键作用。近年来，人类活动尤其是化石燃料燃烧、土地利用变化、工业化发展和农业生产，对全球碳循环产生了显著影响，导致大气二氧化碳浓度持续升高，碳汇功能受损，海洋酸化加剧，生态系统结构和功能发生变化。本文综合分析了人类活动对大气、陆地和海洋碳循环的干扰机制，探讨了不同生态系统对碳输入和排放的响应特征，并评估了全球碳循环变化对环境的反馈作用。研究表明，人类活动不仅改变了碳储量的空间分布和流动路径，也加剧了气候变化和生态环境压力。本文进一步讨论了碳管理和减缓策略，为实现可持续发展和低碳转型提供科学依据。
The global carbon cycle is one of the most important biogeochemical cycles on Earth, playing a critical role in climate regulation and ecosystem functioning. In recent years, human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion, land-use change, industrial development, and agricultural practices, have significantly impacted the global carbon cycle, resulting in increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, impaired carbon sinks, ocean acidification, and altered ecosystem structure and function. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms by which human activities disrupt carbon cycling in the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine systems, explores ecosystem responses to carbon inputs and emissions, and evaluates the feedback effects of carbon cycle changes on the environment. The findings indicate that human activities have not only altered the spatial distribution and flow pathways of carbon stocks but also intensified climate change and ecological pressures. Furthermore, this study discusses carbon management and mitigation strategies, providing scientific support for sustainable development and low-carbon transitions.
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