Correlation study of macular disease in physical examination population
体检人群中黄斑病变的相关性研究

摘要

本研究旨在探究体检人群中黄斑病变的发病情况及其相关影响因素。选取我院体检中心2018年1月至2022年12月期间进行健康体检的12638例受检者为研究对象，收集其人口学资料、既往病史、生活习惯及眼科专项检查数据，通过单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归模型筛选黄斑病变的相关因素[1]。结果显示，12638例体检者中，黄斑病变检出896例，患病率为7.09%。多因素分析显示，年龄≥60岁（OR=3.21，95%CI：2.15-4.79）、糖尿病史（OR=2.83，95%CI：1.76-4.55）、高血压史（OR=2.17，95%CI：1.42-3.31）、长期吸烟（OR=1.98，95%CI：1.29-3.04）及每日使用电子设备≥4小时（OR=1.65，95%CI：1.08-2.52）是黄斑病变的独立危险因素；而每周运动≥3次（OR=0.58，95%CI：0.39-0.86）为保护因素。结论表明，黄斑病变在体检人群中存在一定患病率，且与多种因素相关，针对性干预可降低发病风险。

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of macular degeneration and its related influencing factors in the population undergoing physical examinations. 12638 subjects who underwent health examinations at our hospital's physical examination center from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Their demographic data, medical history, lifestyle habits, and ophthalmic examination data were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to screen for relevant factors of macular degeneration. [1] The results showed that among 12638 examinees, 896 cases of macular degeneration were detected, with a prevalence rate of 7.09%. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 60 (OR=3.21, 95% CI: 2.15-4.79), history of diabetes (OR=2.83, 95% CI: 1.76-4.55), history of hypertension (OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.42-3.31), long-term smoking (OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.29-3.04), and daily use of electronic equipment ≥ 4 hours (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.08-2.52) were independent risk factors for macular degeneration; Exercise ≥ 3 times a week (OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.39-0.86) is a protective factor. The conclusion indicates that macular degeneration has a certain prevalence in the physical examination population and is related to multiple factors. Targeted intervention can reduce the risk of onset.