Research progress on dust explosion hazard assessment and prevention technology
粉尘爆炸危险性评估及防控技术研究进展

摘要

工业领域粉尘应用增多，粉尘爆炸威胁生产安全。阐述粉尘爆炸原理，其依赖可燃粉尘、助燃剂、点火源与合适浓度条件。危险性评估涵盖定性的检查表法、危险与可操作性研究，定量的道化学火灾爆炸指数法、事故树和事件树分析，以及综合的层次分析法与模糊综合评价法。防控技术从工艺优化减少粉尘、通风除尘控浓度、消除点火源及泄爆抑爆隔爆等方面着手。通过系统梳理研究进展，为工业预防粉尘爆炸、保障生产安全提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract

The use of dust in industrial applications has increased, posing a significant threat to production safety through dust explosions. This paper explains the principles of dust explosions, which depend on combustible dust, oxidizers, ignition sources, and appropriate concentration conditions. Hazard assessment methods include qualitative checklists, hazard and operability studies, quantitative methods such as the Dow Fire and Explosion Index, accident tree and event tree analysis, and comprehensive approaches like the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Prevention technologies focus on optimizing processes to reduce dust, controlling concentrations through ventilation and dust removal, eliminating ignition sources, and implementing explosion relief and isolation measures. By systematically reviewing research advancements, this paper aims to provide theoretical and practical references for preventing dust explosions and ensuring production safety in the industrial sector.