Non-destructive testing techniques for stress analysis of pressure vessels
压力容器应力分析的无损检测技术

摘要

压力容器是用于储存和运输高压流体或气体的关键工业设备，确保其安全至关重要。应力分析是评估容器结构完整性的关键步骤，以确保其能够承受高压条件而不发生故障。无损检测对于压力容器的应力分析至关重要。这些技术，例如超声波、射线和磁粉检测，可以检测出潜在的裂纹、腐蚀、变形和其他缺陷，而不会损坏容器。通过定期进行无损检测，操作人员可以以及早发现问题并采取措施维修或更换设备，从而避免潜在的灾难性事故和停产。为了有效评估压力容器的工作状态和剩余寿命，应力分析和无损检测是必不可少的。本文概述了压力容器应力分析的基本原理和常用方法，系统地介绍了X射线检测、超声波检测、液体渗透检测和声发射检测等无损检测技术。并讨论了它们在压力容器中的具体应用，分析了每种技术的优缺点，并探讨了它们的适用范围，希望本文能够推动压力容器应力分析无损检测技术的发展。

Abstract

Pressure vessels are critical industrial equipment used to store and transport high-pressure fluids or gases, and ensuring their safety is of utmost importance. Stress analysis is a crucial step in assessing the integrity of a vessel's structure to ensure it can withstand high-pressure conditions without failure. Nondestructive testing is important for stress analysis of pressure vessels. These technologies, such as ultrasonic, radiographic, and magnetic particle inspection, can detect potential cracks, corrosion, deformation, and other defects without causing damage to the container. Through regular non-destructive testing, operators can detect problems early and take measures to repair or replace equipment, thus avoiding potentially catastrophic accidents and production shutdowns. To effectively evaluate the working condition and remaining lifespan of a pressure vessel, stress analysis and non-destructive testing are required. By summarizing the basic principles and common methods of stress analysis for pressure vessels, this paper provides a systematic introduction to non-destructive testing technologies such as X-ray testing, ultrasonic testing, liquid penetration testing, and acoustic emission testing. It also discusses their specific applications in pressure vessels, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, and examines their scope of application. It is hoped that this paper can promote the development of non-destructive testing technology for stress analysis of pressure vessels.