Analysis of the causes of aspiration in patients with swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction and nursing intervention
脑梗死后吞咽障碍病人误吸病因分析与护理干预

摘要

目的 探讨脑梗死后吞咽障碍病人发生误吸的病因并针对性地制定相应的护理干预策略。方法 本研究从我院收治的脑梗死后吞咽障碍病人中选取90例作为研究对象，依据电视荧光吞咽检查（VFSS）的检测结果，将其划分为误吸组与非误吸组，并针对病人误吸发生的原因展开深入分析。结果 在90例病人中，有35例病人发生误吸，其中22例病人为隐匿性误吸。喉上抬启动延迟、喉上抬幅度不足、喉上抬速度迟缓、环咽肌开放异常以及梨状窝滞留等因素，与病人发生误吸存在显著关联（P＜0.05）。结论 脑梗死后吞咽障碍病人误吸发生率较高，护理人员需针对误吸相关危险因素，制定并实施科学有效的护理干预措施，以促进病人康复进程。

Abstract

Objective To explore the causes of aspiration in patients with swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction and develop targeted nursing intervention strategies.
Methods This study selected 90 patients with swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital as research subjects. Based on the detection results of television fluorescence swallowing test (VFSS), they were divided into aspiration group and non aspiration group, and in-depth analysis was conducted on the causes of aspiration in patients. Result Out of 90 patients, 35 experienced aspiration, of which 22 had occult aspiration. Delayed initiation of laryngeal elevation, insufficient amplitude of laryngeal elevation, slow velocity of laryngeal elevation, abnormal opening of the cricopharyngeal muscle, and retention of the piriform fossa are significantly associated with aspiration in patients (P<0.05).
Conclusion   Patients with swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction have a higher incidence of aspiration. Nursing staff need to develop and implement scientific and effective nursing interventions based on the risk factors related to aspiration to promote the patient's recovery process.