Study on the effect of nasogastric feeding on reducing complications after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors
经鼻空肠管喂养对减少头颈部肿瘤患者放化疗后并发症的研究

摘要

目的 经鼻空肠管喂养对减少头颈部肿瘤患者放化疗后并发症的效果，评估其在改善营养状况、减轻放化疗后毒副反应的作用。方法 本研究于2022年5月至2024年1月期间在我院进行，选取60例接受头颈部肿瘤放化疗的患者。所有患者随机分为实验组（30例）和对照组（30例）。实验组患者在放化疗过程中实施经鼻空肠管喂养，确保患者获得足够的营养支持。对照组患者则接受常规的口服营养补充治疗。研究过程中，通过观察两组患者在同步放化疗前、同步放化疗后 14天、同步放化疗结束后的营养状况、吞咽疼痛、吞咽困难、恶心呕吐毒副反应发生情况以及生活质量进行评估。结果 实验组患者在放化疗期间的营养状况优于对照组，表现为体重下降幅度较小，血清白蛋白和总蛋白水平较高（P<0.05）。实验组患者的吞咽疼痛评分从治疗前至治疗结束后无明显升高，而对照组则呈现上升趋势。恶心和呕吐症状较对照组发生率低（P<0.01）。生活质量评估显示，实验组的生活质量评分优于对照组，而对照组则明显下降（P<0.01）。结论 经鼻空肠管喂养作为一种安全有效的营养支持手段，在头颈部肿瘤患者放化疗期间展现了重要的临床价值，值得在临床上推广使用。

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the effect of nasogastric feeding on reducing complications after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors, and to assess its role in improving nutritional status and reducing the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Methods This study was conducted in our hospital from May 2022 to January 2024, selecting 60 patients who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy for head and neck tumors. All patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases). Patients in the experimental group were given nasoenteral feeding during radiotherapy and chemotherapy to ensure adequate nutritional support. The control group patients received routine oral nutritional supplementation treatment. During the research process, the nutritional status, incidence of oral mucosal inflammation, degree of swallowing difficulties, and the occurrence of other complications related to radiotherapy and chemotherapy were evaluated by observing two groups of patients before and 14 days after synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and after the end of synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The nutritional status of the experimental group patients during radiotherapy and chemotherapy was better than that of the control group, manifested by a smaller decrease in weight and higher levels of serum albumin and total protein (P<0.05). The swallowing pain score of the experimental group patients did not show a significant increase from before treatment to after treatment, while the control group showed an upward trend. The incidence of nausea and vomiting symptoms was lower in the control group (P<0.01). The quality of life assessment showed that there was no significant decrease in the quality of life of the experimental group, while the control group showed a significant decrease (P<0.01).
Conclusion   Nasal enteral feeding, as a safe and effective nutritional support method, has demonstrated significant clinical value in patients with head and neck tumors during radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and is worthy of promotion and use in clinical practice.