Analysis of the effects of rock salt aerosol therapy on symptoms, pulmonary function, blood gas analysis and airway inflammation of patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
岩盐气溶胶治疗尘肺合并慢性阻塞性肺病对患者症状、肺功能、血气分析及气道炎症的影响分析

摘要

目的 探讨尘肺合并慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD)患者常规治疗基础上加用岩盐气溶胶治疗后对患者症状、肺功能、血气分析指标、气道炎症的影响。方法 通过收集采集新疆维吾尔自治区第三人民医院在2021年1月至2021年12月间收治的尘肺合并慢性阻塞性肺病患者114例。采用随机数字表法，将患者分为观察组及对照组。两组各57例患者，治疗前均予mMRC评分、肺功能评估、血气分析，以及炎症指标白介素IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α检测。两组患者采用常规吸氧、抗感染、平喘等综合治疗，观察组在上述基础加用岩盐气溶胶疗法。频率为每天1h，15 d为 1个周期，连续6个疗程。将两组患者在治疗前后分别进行 mMRC评分、肺功能及血气分析；对病人的气道炎性指数和副作用进行观察。结果 两组病人在治疗后的症状评分均较治疗前为佳，且两者的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患者的第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1/FVC，血氧饱和度（SPO2）及氧分压（PaO2）水平均有明显增高（P＜0.05），而IL-6，TNF-α水平则明显下降（P＜0.05）。观察组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC水平及SPO2、PaO2水平均较对照组升高（P＜0.05）；血清中TNF-α、IL-6含量均明显降低（P＜0.05）。两组患者治疗期间均有轻微的不良反应，观察组和对照组的不良反应发生率分别为7.02%（4/57）和8.77%（5/57）两组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 岩盐气溶胶治疗尘肺合并慢性阻塞性肺病，能够改善患者症状、肺功能及血气指标，减轻气道炎症反应，且不良反应少，疗效确切。

Abstract

Objective To explore pneumoconiosis combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (chronic obstructive The study aimed to investigate the effects of rock salt aerosol therapy on the symptoms, lung function, blood gas analysis, and airway inflammation in patients with pulmonary diseases, particularly COPD, after routine treatment.
Methods A total of 114 patients with pneumoconiosis combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were collected from the Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between January and December 2021. Using a random number table, the patients were divided into an observation group and a control group, each consisting of 57 patients. Before treatment, both groups underwent mMRC scoring, lung function assessment, blood gas analysis, and tests for inflammatory markers such as interleukin IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α. Both groups received routine oxygen therapy, anti-infection treatment, and bronchodilator therapy. The observation group also received rock salt aerosol therapy, with a frequency of 1 hour per day, 15 days as one cycle, for six consecutive cycles. Before and after treatment, the mMRC scores, lung function, and blood gas analysis were measured for both groups, and the patients' airway inflammation index and side effects were observed.
Results After treatment, the symptom scores of both groups were significantly better than before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). After treatment, the first-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, blood oxygen saturation (SPO2), and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) levels in both groups increased significantly (P<0.05), while the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly (P<0.05). The FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC levels, and SPO2, PaO2 levels in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Both groups experienced mild adverse reactions during treatment, with the incidence rates being 7.02% (4/57) in the observation group and 8.77% (5/57) in the control group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion   Rock salt aerosol therapy for pneumoconiosis combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can improve patient symptoms, lung function, and blood gas indicators, reduce airway inflammation, and has fewer adverse reactions, demonstrating definite therapeutic effects.