Value analysis of blood routine indicators, scatter plots, and peripheral blood cell morphology in the diagnosis of acute leukemia
血常规指标及散点图与外周血细胞形态在急性白血病诊断中的价值分析

摘要

目的 探讨血常规指标及散点图与外周血细胞形态在急性白血病诊断中的价值分析。方法 选取2024年1月-2025年1月内我院初诊的急性白血病患者50例作为观察组，选择同期体检健康者50例作为对照组。综合检测血常规指标与外周血细胞形态变化，分析其在急性白血病早期发现中的临床意义。结果 在50例急性白血病病例中，急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者的白细胞水平低于健康对照组（P<0.05），其余类型的急性髓系及急性淋巴细胞白血病患者的白细胞计数高于对照组（P<0.05）。同时，所有白血病患者组的红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度以及血小板水平均较对照组明显下降（P<0.05）。根据血常规仪器提供的散点图报警提示，在这50例患者的外周血样本中共检出原始及幼稚细胞45例，阳性检出率为90%。结论 血常规指标结合散点图分析及外周血细胞形态学检查在急性白血病的早期筛查中具有重要价值，有助于临床及时发现疑似病例并指导进一步检查。

Abstract

Objective Exploring the value analysis of blood routine indicators, scatter plots, and peripheral blood cell morphology in the diagnosis of acute leukemia.
Methods 50 patients with acute leukemia who were first diagnosed in our hospital from January 2024 to January 2025 were selected as the observation group, and 50 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. Comprehensive detection of blood routine indicators and changes in peripheral blood cell morphology, analyzing their clinical significance in early detection of acute leukemia.
Results Among 50 cases of acute leukemia, the white blood cell levels in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were lower than those in the healthy control group (P<0.05), while the white blood cell counts in patients with other types of acute myeloid and acute lymphocytic leukemia were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and platelet levels in all leukemia patient groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). According to the scatter plot alarm prompt provided by the blood routine instrument, a total of 45 primitive and immature cells were detected in the peripheral blood samples of these 50 patients, with a positive detection rate of 90%.
Conclusion   The combination of blood routine indicators, scatter plot analysis, and peripheral blood cell morphology examination has important value in early screening of acute leukemia, which helps to timely detect suspected cases in clinical practice and guide further examination.