Cause analysis and control methods of shrinkage defects in sand casting process of large castings
大型铸件砂型铸造过程中收缩缺陷的成因分析与控制方法

摘要

大型铸件在砂型铸造过程中，由于材料的收缩效应，经常出现尺寸误差、表面缺陷等问题，这些缺陷影响了铸件的质量和使用性能。收缩缺陷的主要原因包括铸造材料的特性、铸造工艺参数、冷却过程等多个因素。为了减少这些缺陷，需要深入分析影响收缩的关键因素，并采取有效的控制方法。本文探讨了大型铸件砂型铸造过程中的收缩缺陷成因，分析了不同因素对收缩缺陷的影响，并提出了相应的控制措施，如优化砂型配方、改进冷却系统、调整工艺参数等。综合优化铸造工艺能有效减小收缩缺陷，提升铸件的质量和成品率。

Abstract

In the sand casting process of large castings, due to the shrinkage effect of materials, problems such as size errors and surface defects often occur, which affect the quality and performance of the castings. The main reasons for shrinkage defects include the characteristics of casting materials, casting process parameters, cooling process, and other factors. To reduce these defects, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of the key factors affecting shrinkage and adopt effective control methods. This article explores the causes of shrinkage defects in the sand casting process of large castings, analyzes the influence of different factors on shrinkage defects, and proposes corresponding control measures, such as optimizing sand mold formula, improving cooling system, adjusting process parameters, etc. Comprehensive optimization of casting processes can effectively reduce shrinkage defects, improve the quality and yield of castings.