International Journal of Mechanical Engineering
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2024; 3: (2) ; 10.12208/j.ijme.20240021 .
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江苏理工学院 江苏常州
*通讯作者： 李磊,单位：江苏理工学院 江苏常州；
机械传动系统作为工业装备、交通运输和能源设备的核心部件，其效率与性能直接影响整体设备的能耗、可靠性和使用寿命。近年来，随着节能环保要求的提高和高端装备的发展，传统机械传动系统在效率、振动抑制和动态稳定性等方面面临新的挑战。本文围绕机械传动系统的效率与性能优化展开研究，结合理论分析、数值仿真和实验验证，提出了一套多目标优化方法，旨在提升传动系统的综合性能。在效率优化方面，基于摩擦学理论和齿轮啮合动力学，建立了传动损耗模型，分析了齿轮参数（如模数、压力角、齿廓修形）对机械效率的影响，并通过参数优化设计降低功率损耗。在动态性能优化方面，采用多体动力学仿真方法，研究传动系统的振动特性，提出基于阻尼调节和载荷均衡的振动抑制策略，有效降低噪声和冲击。实验部分搭建了机械传动测试台架，对比优化前后的效率、温升和振动数据，验证了理论模型的准确性。研究结果表明，优化后的传动系统机械效率提升15%~20%，振动幅值降低30%以上，同时在高负载工况下表现出更好的稳定性。本研究的创新点在于：（1）提出了一种融合摩擦学与动力学特性的多目标优化方法；（2）通过实验验证了优化方案在复杂工况下的适用性。研究成果可为电动汽车、风力发电、工程机械等领域的传动系统设计提供理论依据和技术支持，具有显著的工程应用价值。
Mechanical transmission system is the core component of industrial equipment, transportation and energy equipment, and its efficiency and performance directly affect the energy consumption, reliability and service life of the whole equipment. In recent years, with the improvement of energy saving and environmental protection requirements and the development of high-end equipment, traditional mechanical transmission systems face new challenges in efficiency, vibration suppression and dynamic stability. This paper focuses on the efficiency and performance optimization of mechanical transmission system. Combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification, a set of multi-objective optimization methods is proposed to improve the comprehensive performance of transmission system. In the aspect of efficiency optimization, based on tribology theory and gear mesh dynamics, the transmission loss model is established, and the influence of gear parameters (such as modulus, pressure angle, tooth profile modification) on mechanical efficiency is analyzed. In the aspect of dynamic performance optimization, multi-body dynamics simulation method is used to study the vibration characteristics of the transmission system, and vibration suppression strategies based on damping adjustment and load balancing are proposed to effectively reduce noise and impact. In the experiment part, a mechanical transmission test bench is built, and the accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by comparing the efficiency, temperature rise and vibration data before and after optimization. The results show that the mechanical efficiency of the optimized transmission system is increased by 15%~20%, the vibration amplitude is reduced by more than 30%, and the transmission system shows better stability under high load conditions. The innovation of this study lies in: (1) A multi-objective optimization method integrating tribology and dynamics characteristics is proposed;(2) The applicability of the optimization scheme under complex working conditions is verified by experiments. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for transmission system design in electric vehicles, wind power generation, engineering machinery and other fields, and have significant engineering application value.
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