Review of lifeworld theory
生活世界理论评述

摘要

随着全球化的发展，世界各国之间交流愈加紧密，呈现出政治、经济、文化等方面多元发展和融合，尤其是文化，正无时无刻、无影无形地在各方面渗透。不同国家拥有不同的文化，有些国家妄图用自己的文化来侵略其他国家，欲将自己的文化强加于其他国家以进行同化，然而，文化的多姿多彩发展才是文化发展的主旋律。文化作为一种软实力，愈发得到各国发展的重视，文化发展的比重也越来越大。由此，近年来文化哲学成为了研究热点。文化哲学以文化为研究对象，把作为一般和本质的文化作为研究对象，并且站在人的立场上对文化及其发展进行反思。生活世界理论作为文化哲学的一种，由埃德蒙德•胡塞尔首次提出。在胡塞尔看来，生活世界具有三个主要特点。首先，生活世界具有主体性，它与我们每个人的意识相关联，是个人经验的基础。其次，生活世界具有开放性，它始终处于不断的变化和形成过程中，不惭地向我们呈现新的面貌。最后，生活世界具有历史性，它承载着我们的文化和传统，构成了一个持久而连续的历史序列。生活世界理论后又经过舒茨、赫勒、哈贝马斯等人批判继承，促进了文化哲学的丰富和发展。本文将以胡塞尔的生活世界理论、舒茨的日常生活世界理论、赫勒的日常生活人道化理论、哈贝马斯的生活世界理论为主评述生活世界理论。

Abstract

With the development of globalization, the exchanges between countries in the world are becoming closer and closer, showing diversified development and integration in politics, economy, culture and other aspects, especially culture, which is infiltrating all aspects at all times and invisibly. Different countries have different cultures. Some countries want to use their own culture to invade other countries and impose their own culture on other countries for assimilation. However, the colorful development of culture is the main theme of cultural development. Culture, as a soft power, is increasingly valued by the development of various countries, and the proportion of cultural development is also increasing. As a result, cultural philosophy has become a research hotspot in recent years. Cultural philosophy takes culture as the research object, takes culture as a general and essential culture as the research object, and reflects on culture and its development from the standpoint of human beings. As a kind of cultural philosophy, the lifeworld theory was first proposed by Edmund Husserl. In Husserl's view, the lifeworld has three main characteristics. First, the lifeworld has subjectivity. It is related to the consciousness of each of us and is the basis of personal experience. Secondly, the life world is open, it is always in a process of constant change and formation, and it shamelessly presents us with a new look. Finally, the life world is historical, it carries our culture and traditions, and constitutes a lasting and continuous historical sequence. The life world theory was later critically inherited by Schutz, Heller, Habermas and others, which promoted the enrichment and development of cultural philosophy. This article will review the life world theory based on Husserl's life world theory, Schutz's everyday life world theory, Heller's everyday life humanization theory, and Habermas's life world theory.