Modern Social Science Research
Modern Social Science Research. 2025; 5: (7) ; 10.12208/j.ssr.20250265 .
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陕西师范大学哲学学院 陕西西安
*通讯作者： 李德祥,单位：陕西师范大学哲学学院 陕西西安；
贝克莱身处于机械因果论盛行的时代，他明确地指出了这种理论的局限性，并试图在自然哲学与形而上学之间寻求一种平衡。本文以因果律为切入口，讨论贝克莱的哲学思想。在他看来，运用感性经验能够帮助我们总结出自然科学的规律，但是感性经验并不能指明自然科学的根基，即因果必然性成立的条件究竟何在。于是，为了探寻因果必然性成立的条件，贝克莱划定了以感性经验为基础的自然科学领域的界限，开辟了形而上学领域，并将因果必然性诉诸形而上学的领域。当划清两个领域的界限之后，为了弥合二者之间的鸿沟，后期的贝克莱提出了“火”的哲学以解决二者的过渡的问题。
Living in an era dominated by mechanical causation, Berkeley clearly pointed out the limitations of this theory and sought a balance between natural philosophy and metaphysics. This paper examines Berkeley’s philosophical thought through the lens of the principle of causality. In his view, sensory experience can help us summarize the laws of natural science, but it cannot reveal the foundation of natural science, namely, the conditions under which causal necessity holds. Therefore, in order to explore the conditions for the validity of causal necessity, Berkeley demarcated the boundaries of the domain of natural science, which is based on sensory experience, and opened up the domain of metaphysics, placing causal necessity within the metaphysical realm. After clearly distinguishing between these two domains, in his later work, Berkeley proposed the philosophy of “fire” to address the issue of transition between them and to bridge the gap.
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