The evolutionary path of the EU's critical raw materials strategy from the perspective of strategic autonomy
“战略自主”视阈下欧盟关键原材料战略的演进路径

摘要

随着世界范围内能源转型进程的加快以及数字智能产业的不断升级，关键原材料作为支撑相关产业的物质基础，其重要性日益显现。同时关键原材料的地理依附性和供需错位赋予了它天然的地缘政治意义，关键原材料供应链的构建也就成了各国对外政策考虑的重点。而欧盟由于自身关键原材料生产能力较弱，更多依靠全球市场的供给，但随着地缘政治时代的来到，欧盟对于其脆弱性较强的关键原材料供应链感到担忧，于是采取措施以实现关键原材料领域的“战略自主”，以维护欧盟自身利益。本文试着以历史分析法来审视欧盟关键原材料战略的演变路径，力求深化对欧盟关键原材料战略的认识。

Abstract

As the global energy transition accelerates and the digital-intelligent industry continues to advance, critical raw materials which serving as the foundational support for these sectors have grown increasingly vital. At the same time, the geographical concentration of these resources and the mismatch between supply and demand have endowed them with inherent geopolitical significance, making the construction of critical raw materials supply chains a key focus of nations’ foreign policies. The European Union, with its relatively weak internal production capacity for critical raw materials, has long relied on global markets for supply. However, with the advent of an era marked by geopolitical tensions, the EU has grown concerned about the vulnerabilities in its critical raw materials supply chains. Consequently, it has taken measures to achieve strategic autonomy in this domain to safeguard its own interests. This paper employs a historical analysis approach to examine the evolution of the EU’s critical raw materials strategy, aiming to deepen the understanding of its strategic evolutionary path.