Analysis of multiple themes in Bai Juyi's Song of Everlasting Sorrow — Deconstruction based on narratology and historical poetics
白居易《长恨歌》多重主题探析——基于叙事学与历史诗学的解构

摘要

白居易《长恨歌》作为中国古典叙事诗的巅峰之作，其主题阐释历来存在“讽喻说”与“爱情说”的二元对立。本文通过叙事学视角解构文本的复调结构，结合唐代政治文化语境与白居易的创作心理，提出主题三重性理论：表层为帝王爱情悲剧的浪漫书写，中层为历史兴衰的政治隐喻，深层为生命无常的哲学观照。通过分析叙事视角转换、意象系统建构与历史真实性的诗学处理，揭示白居易在传统主题框架下对人性、权力与命运的多维思考。

Abstract

As the pinnacle of classical Chinese narrative poetry, Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" has long been subject to a binary opposition between the "satirical theory" and the "love theory." This paper deconstructs the polyphonic structure of the text from a narratological perspective, integrating the political and cultural context of the Tang Dynasty with Bai Juyi's creative psychology, to propose a tripartite theory of themes: the surface layer is the romantic portrayal of imperial love tragedy, the middle layer is the political metaphor of historical rise and fall, and the deep layer is the philosophical reflection on the impermanence of life. By analyzing the shifts in narrative perspectives, the construction of imagery systems, and the poetic treatment of historical authenticity, this paper reveals Bai Juyi's multidimensional contemplation of human nature, power, and fate within the traditional thematic framework.